catalog_shell: major refactoring of cli command definition and parsing

By changing the way shell commands are defined and parsed, this makes it more
straight forward to extend the current functionality.
The readline input is parsed based on the provided command definition and the
given parameters and options are passed to a command specific callback function.
In addition, the provided command definition including its description is used
to generate a help string to display.
The help command shows a list of all supported commands or the help string for
the provided command.

Signed-off-by: Christian Ebner <c.ebner@proxmox.com>

src/backup/catalog_shell.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use std::collections::HashSet;
+use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
 use std::ffi::{CStr, CString, OsStr};
 use std::io::Write;
 use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;
@@ -10,10 +10,305 @@ use libc;
 use crate::pxar::*;
 
 use super::catalog::{CatalogReader, DirEntry};
-use super::readline::{Readline, Context};
+use super::readline::{Context, Readline};
+
+const PROMPT_PREFIX: &str = "pxar:";
+const PROMPT_POST: &str = " > ";
+
+/// Interactive shell for interacton with the catalog.
+pub struct Shell {
+    /// Actual shell instance with context.
+    sh: ShellInstance,
+    /// Map containing all the defined commands.
+    cmds: ShellCmdMap,
+}
+
+impl Shell {
+    /// Create a new shell for the given catalog and pxar archive.
+    pub fn new(
+        catalog: CatalogReader<std::fs::File>,
+        archive_name: &str,
+        decoder: Decoder,
+    ) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+        const OPTIONAL: bool = true;
+        const REQUIRED: bool = false;
+
+        Ok(Self {
+            sh: ShellInstance::new(catalog, archive_name, decoder)?,
+            // This list defines all the commands for the shell including their
+            // parameters, options and help description.
+            cmds: ShellCmdMap::new()
+                .insert(ShellCmd::new(
+                    "pwd",
+                    "List the current working directory.",
+                    ShellInstance::pwd,
+                ))
+                .insert(ShellCmd::new(
+                    "ls",
+                    "List contents of directory.",
+                    ShellInstance::list,
+                ).parameter("path", OPTIONAL))
+                .insert(ShellCmd::new(
+                    "cd",
+                    "Change current working directory.",
+                    ShellInstance::change_dir,
+                ).parameter("path", OPTIONAL))
+                .insert(ShellCmd::new(
+                    "stat",
+                    "Show the status of a file or directory.",
+                    ShellInstance::stat,
+                ).parameter("path", REQUIRED))
+                .insert(ShellCmd::new(
+                    "restore",
+                    "Restore archive to target (restores only matching entries if match-pattern is provided)",
+                    ShellInstance::restore,
+                ).option("match", Some("match-pattern")).parameter("target", REQUIRED))
+                .insert(ShellCmd::new(
+                        "select",
+                        "Add a file/directory to the list of entries selected for restore.",
+                        ShellInstance::select,
+                ).parameter("path", REQUIRED))
+                .insert(ShellCmd::new(
+                    "selected",
+                    "Show the list of entries currently selected for restore.",
+                    ShellInstance::list_selected,
+                ))
+                .insert(ShellCmd::new(
+                    "deselect",
+                    "Remove a file/directory from the list of entries selected for restore.",
+                    ShellInstance::deselect,
+                ).parameter("path", REQUIRED))
+                .insert(ShellCmd::new(
+                    "restore-selected",
+                    "Restore the file/directory on the list of entries selected for restore.",
+                    ShellInstance::restore_selected,
+                ).parameter("target", REQUIRED))
+                .insert(ShellCmd::new(
+                    "help",
+                    "Show all commands or the help for the provided command",
+                    ShellInstance::help,
+                ).parameter("command", OPTIONAL))
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Start the interactive shell loop
+    pub fn shell(mut self) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        while let Some(line) = self.sh.rl.readline() {
+            let (cmd, args) = match self.cmds.parse(&line) {
+                Ok(res) => res,
+                Err(err) => {
+                    println!("error: {}", err);
+                    continue;
+                }
+            };
+            // Help is treated a bit separate as we need the full command list,
+            // which would not be accessible in the callback.
+            if cmd.command == "help" {
+                match args.get_param("command") {
+                    Some(name) => match self.cmds.cmds.get(name) {
+                        Some(cmd) => println!("{}", cmd.help()),
+                        None => println!("no help for command"),
+                    },
+                    None => self.cmds.list_commands(),
+                }
+            }
+            match (cmd.callback)(&mut self.sh, args) {
+                Ok(_) => (),
+                Err(err) => {
+                    println!("error: {}", err);
+                    continue;
+                }
+            };
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+/// Stores the command definitions for the known commands.
+struct ShellCmdMap {
+    cmds: HashMap<&'static [u8], ShellCmd>,
+}
+
+impl ShellCmdMap {
+    fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            cmds: HashMap::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Insert a new `ShellCmd` into the `ShellCmdMap`
+    fn insert(mut self, cmd: ShellCmd) -> Self {
+        self.cmds.insert(cmd.command.as_bytes(), cmd);
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// List all known commands with their help text.
+    fn list_commands(&self) {
+        println!("");
+        for cmd in &self.cmds {
+            println!("{}\n", cmd.1.help());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Parse the given line and interprete it based on the known commands in
+    /// this `ShellCmdMap` instance.
+    fn parse<'a>(&'a self, line: &'a [u8]) -> Result<(&'a ShellCmd, Args), Error> {
+        // readline already handles tabs, so here we only split on spaces
+        let args: Vec<&[u8]> = line
+            .split(|b| *b == b' ')
+            .filter(|word| !word.is_empty())
+            .collect();
+        let mut args = args.iter();
+        let arg0 = args
+            .next()
+            .ok_or_else(|| format_err!("no command provided"))?;
+        let cmd = self
+            .cmds
+            .get(arg0)
+            .ok_or_else(|| format_err!("invalid command"))?;
+        let mut given = Args {
+            options: HashMap::new(),
+            parameters: HashMap::new(),
+        };
+        let mut required = cmd.required_parameters.iter();
+        let mut optional = cmd.optional_parameters.iter();
+        while let Some(arg) = args.next() {
+            if arg.starts_with(b"--") {
+                let opt = cmd
+                    .options
+                    .iter()
+                    .find(|opt| opt.0.as_bytes() == &arg[2..arg.len()]);
+                if let Some(opt) = opt {
+                    if opt.1.is_some() {
+                        // Expect a parameter for the given option
+                        let opt_param = args.next().ok_or_else(|| {
+                            format_err!("expected parameter for option {}", opt.0)
+                        })?;
+                        given.options.insert(opt.0, Some(opt_param));
+                    } else {
+                        given.options.insert(opt.0, None);
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    bail!("invalid option");
+                }
+            } else {
+                if let Some(name) = required.next() {
+                    // First fill all required parameters
+                    given.parameters.insert(name, arg);
+                } else if let Some(name) = optional.next() {
+                    // Now fill all optional parameters
+                    given.parameters.insert(name, arg);
+                } else {
+                    bail!("to many arguments");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        // Check that we have got all required parameters
+        if required.next().is_some() {
+            bail!("not all required parameters provided");
+        }
+        Ok((cmd, given))
+    }
+}
+
+/// Interpreted CLI arguments, stores parameters and options.
+struct Args<'a> {
+    parameters: HashMap<&'static str, &'a [u8]>,
+    options: HashMap<&'static str, Option<&'a [u8]>>,
+}
+
+impl<'a> Args<'a> {
+    /// Get a reference to the parameter give by name if present
+    fn get_param(&self, name: &str) -> Option<&&'a [u8]> {
+        self.parameters.get(name)
+    }
+
+    /// Get a reference to the option give by name if present
+    fn get_opt(&self, name: &str) -> Option<&Option<&'a [u8]>> {
+        self.options.get(name)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Definition of a shell command with its name, callback, description and
+/// argument definition.
+struct ShellCmd {
+    command: &'static str,
+    callback: fn(&mut ShellInstance, Args) -> Result<(), Error>,
+    description: &'static str,
+    options: Vec<(&'static str, Option<&'static str>)>,
+    required_parameters: Vec<&'static str>,
+    optional_parameters: Vec<&'static str>,
+}
+
+impl ShellCmd {
+    /// Define a new `ShellCmd` with given command name, description and callback function.
+    fn new(
+        command: &'static str,
+        description: &'static str,
+        callback: fn(&mut ShellInstance, Args) -> Result<(), Error>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            command,
+            callback,
+            description,
+            options: Vec::new(),
+            required_parameters: Vec::new(),
+            optional_parameters: Vec::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Add additional named parameter `parameter` to command definition.
+    ///
+    /// The optional flag indicates if this parameter is required or optional.
+    fn parameter(mut self, parameter: &'static str, optional: bool) -> Self {
+        if optional {
+            self.optional_parameters.push(parameter);
+        } else {
+            self.required_parameters.push(parameter);
+        }
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Add additional named option `option` to command definition.
+    ///
+    /// The Option `parameter` indicates if this option has an additional parameter or not.
+    fn option(mut self, option: &'static str, parameter: Option<&'static str>) -> Self {
+        self.options.push((option, parameter));
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Create the help String for this command
+    fn help(&self) -> String {
+        let mut help = String::new();
+        help.push_str(self.command);
+        help.push_str("\n  Usage:\t");
+        help.push_str(self.command);
+        for opt in &self.options {
+            help.push_str(" [--");
+            help.push_str(opt.0);
+            if let Some(opt_param) = opt.1 {
+                help.push(' ');
+                help.push_str(opt_param);
+            }
+            help.push(']');
+        }
+        for par in &self.required_parameters {
+            help.push(' ');
+            help.push_str(par);
+        }
+        for par in &self.optional_parameters {
+            help.push_str(" [");
+            help.push_str(par);
+            help.push(']');
+        }
+        help.push_str("\n  Description:\t");
+        help.push_str(self.description);
+        help
+    }
+}
 
 /// State of the shell instance
-pub struct Shell {
+struct ShellInstance {
     /// Readline context
     rl: Readline,
     /// List of paths selected for a restore
@@ -24,37 +319,8 @@ pub struct Shell {
     root: Vec<DirEntry>,
 }
 
-/// All supported commands of the shell
-enum Command<'a> {
-    /// List the content of the current dir or in path, if provided
-    List(&'a [u8]),
-    /// Stat of the provided path
-    Stat(&'a [u8]),
-    /// Select the given entry for a restore
-    Select(&'a [u8]),
-    /// Remove the entry from the list of entries to restore
-    Deselect(&'a [u8]),
-    /// Restore an archive to the provided target, can be limited to files
-    /// matching the provided match pattern
-    Restore(&'a [u8], &'a [u8]),
-    /// Restore the selected entries to the provided target
-    RestoreSelected(&'a [u8]),
-    /// List the entries currently selected for restore
-    ListSelected,
-    /// Change the current working directory
-    ChangeDir(&'a [u8]),
-    /// Print the working directory
-    PrintWorkingDir,
-    /// Terminate the shell loop, returns from the shell
-    Quit,
-    /// Empty line from readline
-    Empty,
-}
-
-const PROMPT_PREFIX: &str = "pxar:";
-const PROMPT_POST: &str = " > ";
-
-impl Shell {
+impl ShellInstance {
+    /// Create a new `ShellInstance` for the given catalog and archive.
     pub fn new(
         mut catalog: CatalogReader<std::fs::File>,
         archive_name: &str,
@@ -64,6 +330,7 @@ impl Shell {
         // The root for the given archive as stored in the catalog
         let archive_root = catalog.lookup(&catalog_root, archive_name.as_bytes())?;
         let root = vec![archive_root];
+
         Ok(Self {
             rl: Readline::new(
                 Self::generate_prompt(b"/"),
@@ -77,6 +344,8 @@ impl Shell {
         })
     }
 
+    /// Generate the CString to display by readline based on the
+    /// PROMPT_PREFIX, PROMPT_POST and the given byte slice.
     fn generate_prompt(path: &[u8]) -> CString {
         let mut buffer = Vec::new();
         buffer.extend_from_slice(PROMPT_PREFIX.as_bytes());
@@ -85,105 +354,6 @@ impl Shell {
         unsafe { CString::from_vec_unchecked(buffer) }
     }
 
-    /// Start the interactive shell loop
-    pub fn shell(mut self) -> Result<(), Error> {
-        while let Some(line) = self.rl.readline() {
-            let res = match self.parse_command(&line) {
-                Ok(Command::List(path)) => self.list(path).and_then(|list| {
-                    Self::print_list(&list).map_err(|err| format_err!("{}", err))?;
-                    Ok(())
-                }),
-                Ok(Command::ChangeDir(path)) => self.change_dir(path),
-                Ok(Command::Restore(target, pattern)) => self.restore(target, pattern),
-                Ok(Command::Select(path)) => self.select(path),
-                Ok(Command::Deselect(path)) => self.deselect(path),
-                Ok(Command::RestoreSelected(target)) => self.restore_selected(target),
-                Ok(Command::Stat(path)) => self.stat(&path).and_then(|(item, attr, size)| {
-                    Self::print_stat(&item, &attr, size)?;
-                    Ok(())
-                }),
-                Ok(Command::ListSelected) => {
-                    self.list_selected().map_err(|err| format_err!("{}", err))
-                }
-                Ok(Command::PrintWorkingDir) => self.pwd().and_then(|pwd| {
-                    Self::print_pwd(&pwd).map_err(|err| format_err!("{}", err))?;
-                    Ok(())
-                }),
-                Ok(Command::Quit) => break,
-                Ok(Command::Empty) => continue,
-                Err(err) => Err(err),
-            };
-            if let Err(err) = res {
-                println!("error: {}", err);
-            }
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Command parser mapping the line returned by readline to a command.
-    fn parse_command<'a>(&self, line: &'a [u8]) -> Result<Command<'a>, Error> {
-        // readline already handles tabs, so here we only split on spaces
-        let args: Vec<&[u8]> = line
-            .split(|b| *b == b' ')
-            .filter(|word| !word.is_empty())
-            .collect();
-
-        if args.is_empty() {
-            return Ok(Command::Empty);
-        }
-
-        match args[0] {
-            b"quit" => Ok(Command::Quit),
-            b"exit" => Ok(Command::Quit),
-            b"ls" => match args.len() {
-                1 => Ok(Command::List(&[])),
-                2 => Ok(Command::List(args[1])),
-                _ => bail!("To many parameters!"),
-            },
-            b"pwd" => Ok(Command::PrintWorkingDir),
-            b"restore" => match args.len() {
-                1 => bail!("no target provided"),
-                2 => Ok(Command::Restore(args[1], &[])),
-                4 => if args[2] == b"-p" {
-                    Ok(Command::Restore(args[1], args[3]))
-                } else {
-                    bail!("invalid parameter")
-                }
-                _ => bail!("to many parameters"),
-            },
-            b"cd" => match args.len() {
-                1 => Ok(Command::ChangeDir(&[])),
-                2 => Ok(Command::ChangeDir(args[1])),
-                _ => bail!("to many parameters"),
-            },
-            b"stat" => match args.len() {
-                1 => bail!("no path provided"),
-                2 => Ok(Command::Stat(args[1])),
-                _ => bail!("to many parameters"),
-            },
-            b"select" => match args.len() {
-                1 => bail!("no path provided"),
-                2 => Ok(Command::Select(args[1])),
-                _ => bail!("to many parameters"),
-            },
-            b"deselect" => match args.len() {
-                1 => bail!("no path provided"),
-                2 => Ok(Command::Deselect(args[1])),
-                _ => bail!("to many parameters"),
-            },
-            b"selected" => match args.len() {
-                1 => Ok(Command::ListSelected),
-                _ => bail!("to many parameters"),
-            },
-            b"restore-selected" => match args.len() {
-                1 => bail!("no path provided"),
-                2 => Ok(Command::RestoreSelected(args[1])),
-                _ => bail!("to many parameters"),
-            },
-            _ => bail!("command not known"),
-        }
-    }
-
     /// Get a mut ref to the context in order to be able to access the
     /// catalog and the directory stack for the current working directory.
     fn context(&mut self) -> &mut Context {
@@ -191,7 +361,11 @@ impl Shell {
     }
 
     /// Change the current working directory to the new directory
-    fn change_dir(&mut self, path: &[u8]) -> Result<(), Error> {
+    fn change_dir(&mut self, args: Args) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        let path = match args.get_param("path") {
+            Some(path) => *path,
+            None => &[],
+        };
         let mut path = self.canonical_path(path)?;
         if !path
             .last()
@@ -204,7 +378,8 @@ impl Shell {
         }
         self.context().current = path;
         // Update the directory displayed in the prompt
-        let prompt = Self::generate_prompt(self.pwd()?.as_slice());
+        let prompt =
+            Self::generate_prompt(Self::to_path(&self.context().current.clone())?.as_slice());
         self.rl.update_prompt(prompt);
         Ok(())
     }
@@ -213,8 +388,9 @@ impl Shell {
     ///
     /// Executed on files it returns the DirEntry of the file as single element
     /// in the list.
-    fn list(&mut self, path: &[u8]) -> Result<Vec<DirEntry>, Error> {
-        let parent = if !path.is_empty() {
+    fn list(&mut self, args: Args) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        let parent = if let Some(path) = args.get_param("path") {
+            // !path.is_empty() {
             self.canonical_path(path)?
                 .last()
                 .ok_or_else(|| format_err!("invalid path component"))?
@@ -228,12 +404,13 @@ impl Shell {
         } else {
             vec![parent]
         };
-        Ok(list)
+        Self::print_list(&list).map_err(|err| format_err!("{}", err))
     }
 
-    /// Return the current working directory as string
-    fn pwd(&mut self) -> Result<Vec<u8>, Error> {
-        Self::to_path(&self.context().current.clone())
+    /// Print the current working directory
+    fn pwd(&mut self, _args: Args) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        let pwd = Self::to_path(&self.context().current.clone())?;
+        Self::print_slice(&pwd).map_err(|err| format_err!("{}", err))
     }
 
     /// Generate an absolute path from a directory stack.
@@ -291,14 +468,19 @@ impl Shell {
                     }
                 }
                 _ => {
-                    let entry = self.context().catalog.lookup(dir_stack.last().unwrap(), name)?;
+                    let entry = self
+                        .context()
+                        .catalog
+                        .lookup(dir_stack.last().unwrap(), name)?;
                     dir_stack.push(entry);
                 }
             }
         }
-        if should_end_dir && !dir_stack.last()
-            .ok_or_else(|| format_err!("invalid path component"))?
-            .is_directory()
+        if should_end_dir
+            && !dir_stack
+                .last()
+                .ok_or_else(|| format_err!("invalid path component"))?
+                .is_directory()
         {
             bail!("entry is not a directory");
         }
@@ -310,13 +492,17 @@ impl Shell {
     ///
     /// This is expensive because the data has to be read from the pxar `Decoder`,
     /// which means reading over the network.
-    fn stat(&mut self, path: &[u8]) -> Result<(DirectoryEntry, PxarAttributes, u64), Error> {
+    fn stat(&mut self, args: Args) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        let path = args
+            .get_param("path")
+            .ok_or_else(|| format_err!("no path provided"))?;
         // First check if the file exists in the catalog, therefore avoiding
         // expensive calls to the decoder just to find out that there could be no
         // such entry. This is done by calling canonical_path(), which returns
         // the full path if it exists, error otherwise.
         let path = self.canonical_path(path)?;
-        self.lookup(&path)
+        let (entry, attr, size) = self.lookup(&path)?;
+        Self::print_stat(&entry, &attr, size).map_err(|err| format_err!("{}", err))
     }
 
     /// Look up the entry given by a canonical absolute `path` in the archive.
@@ -331,7 +517,10 @@ impl Shell {
         let (_, _, mut attr, mut size) = self.decoder.attributes(0)?;
         // Ignore the archive root, don't need it.
         for item in absolute_path.iter().skip(1) {
-            match self.decoder.lookup(&current, &OsStr::from_bytes(&item.name))? {
+            match self
+                .decoder
+                .lookup(&current, &OsStr::from_bytes(&item.name))?
+            {
                 Some((item, item_attr, item_size)) => {
                     current = item;
                     attr = item_attr;
@@ -348,7 +537,10 @@ impl Shell {
     ///
     /// This will return an error if the entry is already present in the list or
     /// if an invalid path was provided.
-    fn select(&mut self, path: &[u8]) -> Result<(), Error> {
+    fn select(&mut self, args: Args) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        let path = args
+            .get_param("path")
+            .ok_or_else(|| format_err!("no path provided"))?;
         // Calling canonical_path() makes sure the provided path is valid and
         // actually contained within the catalog and therefore also the archive.
         let path = self.canonical_path(path)?;
@@ -363,8 +555,11 @@ impl Shell {
     ///
     /// This will return an error if the entry was not found in the list of entries
     /// selected for restore.
-    fn deselect(&mut self, path: &[u8]) -> Result<(), Error> {
-        if self.selected.remove(path) {
+    fn deselect(&mut self, args: Args) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        let path = args
+            .get_param("path")
+            .ok_or_else(|| format_err!("no path provided"))?;
+        if self.selected.remove(*path) {
             Ok(())
         } else {
             bail!("entry not selected for restore")
@@ -374,7 +569,10 @@ impl Shell {
     /// Restore the selected entries to the given target path.
     ///
     /// Target must not exist on the clients filesystem.
-    fn restore_selected(&mut self, target: &[u8]) -> Result<(), Error> {
+    fn restore_selected(&mut self, args: Args) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        let target = args
+            .get_param("target")
+            .ok_or_else(|| format_err!("no target provided"))?;
         let mut list = Vec::new();
         for path in &self.selected {
             let pattern = MatchPattern::from_line(path)?
@@ -389,18 +587,20 @@ impl Shell {
         // patterns are relative to root as well.
         let start_dir = self.decoder.root()?;
         let target: &OsStr = OsStrExt::from_bytes(target);
-        self.decoder.restore(&start_dir, &Path::new(target), &list)?;
+        self.decoder
+            .restore(&start_dir, &Path::new(target), &list)?;
         Ok(())
     }
 
     /// List entries currently selected for restore.
-    fn list_selected(&self) -> Result<(), std::io::Error> {
+    fn list_selected(&mut self, _args: Args) -> Result<(), Error> {
         let mut out = std::io::stdout();
         for entry in &self.selected {
-            out.write_all(entry)?;
-            out.write_all(&[b'\n'])?;
+            out.write_all(entry).map_err(|err| format_err!("{}", err))?;
+            out.write_all(&[b'\n'])
+                .map_err(|err| format_err!("{}", err))?;
         }
-        out.flush()?;
+        out.flush().map_err(|err| format_err!("{}", err))?;
         Ok(())
     }
 
@@ -409,7 +609,9 @@ impl Shell {
     /// By further providing a pattern, the restore can be limited to a narrower
     /// subset of this sub-archive.
     /// If pattern is an empty slice, the full dir is restored.
-    fn restore(&mut self, target: &[u8], pattern: &[u8]) -> Result<(), Error> {
+    fn restore(&mut self, args: Args) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        let target = args.get_param("target").unwrap();
+        let pattern = args.get_opt("pattern").unwrap().unwrap_or(&[]);
         let match_pattern = match pattern {
             b"" | b"/" | b"." => Vec::new(),
             _ => vec![MatchPattern::from_line(pattern)?.unwrap()],
@@ -426,17 +628,24 @@ impl Shell {
         };
 
         let target: &OsStr = OsStrExt::from_bytes(target);
-        self.decoder.restore(&start_dir, &Path::new(target), &match_pattern)?;
+        self.decoder
+            .restore(&start_dir, &Path::new(target), &match_pattern)?;
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    /// Dummy callback for the help command.
+    fn help(&mut self, _args: Args) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        // this is a dummy, the actual help is handled before calling the callback
+        // as the full set of available commands is needed.
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Print the list of `DirEntry`s to stdout.
     fn print_list(list: &Vec<DirEntry>) -> Result<(), std::io::Error> {
         if list.is_empty() {
             return Ok(());
         }
-        let max = list
-            .iter()
-            .max_by(|x, y| x.name.len().cmp(&y.name.len()));
+        let max = list.iter().max_by(|x, y| x.name.len().cmp(&y.name.len()));
         let max = match max {
             Some(dir_entry) => dir_entry.name.len() + 1,
             None => 0,
@@ -449,7 +658,7 @@ impl Shell {
             out.write_all(&item.name)?;
             // Fill with whitespaces
             out.write_all(&vec![b' '; max - item.name.len()])?;
-            if index % cols == (cols - 1)  {
+            if index % cols == (cols - 1) {
                 out.write_all(&[b'\n'])?;
             }
         }
@@ -461,15 +670,21 @@ impl Shell {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn print_pwd(pwd: &[u8]) -> Result<(), std::io::Error> {
+    /// Print the given byte slice to stdout.
+    fn print_slice(slice: &[u8]) -> Result<(), std::io::Error> {
         let mut out = std::io::stdout();
-        out.write_all(pwd)?;
+        out.write_all(slice)?;
         out.write_all(&[b'\n'])?;
         out.flush()?;
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn print_stat(item: &DirectoryEntry, _attr: &PxarAttributes, size: u64) -> Result<(), std::io::Error> {
+    /// Print the stats of `DirEntry` item to stdout.
+    fn print_stat(
+        item: &DirectoryEntry,
+        _attr: &PxarAttributes,
+        size: u64,
+    ) -> Result<(), std::io::Error> {
         let mut out = std::io::stdout();
         out.write_all("File: ".as_bytes())?;
         out.write_all(&item.filename.as_bytes())?;
@@ -496,7 +711,6 @@ impl Shell {
     ///
     /// uses tty_ioctl, see man tty_ioctl(2)
     fn get_terminal_size() -> (usize, usize) {
-
         const TIOCGWINSZ: libc::c_ulong = 0x00005413;
 
         #[repr(C)]
@@ -520,16 +734,8 @@ impl Shell {
 
 /// Filename completion callback for the shell
 // TODO: impl command completion. For now only filename completion.
-fn complete(
-    ctx: &mut Context,
-    text: &CStr,
-    _start: usize,
-    _end: usize
-) -> Vec<CString> {
-    let slices: Vec<_> = text
-        .to_bytes()
-        .split(|b| *b == b'/')
-        .collect();
+fn complete(ctx: &mut Context, text: &CStr, _start: usize, _end: usize) -> Vec<CString> {
+    let slices: Vec<_> = text.to_bytes().split(|b| *b == b'/').collect();
     let to_complete = match slices.last() {
         Some(last) => last,
         None => return Vec::new(),
@@ -543,7 +749,9 @@ fn complete(
                     continue;
                 } else if component == b".." {
                     // Never leave the current archive in the catalog
-                    if current.len() > 1 { current.pop(); }
+                    if current.len() > 1 {
+                        current.pop();
+                    }
                 } else {
                     match ctx.catalog.lookup(current.last().unwrap(), component) {
                         Err(_) => return Vec::new(),