tape: documentation language fixup
Signed-off-by: Dylan Whyte <d.whyte@proxmox.com>
This commit is contained in:
Dylan Whyte
Dietmar Maurer
parent
dcf155dac9
commit
70d00e0149
@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
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All command supports the following parameters to specify the tape device:
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All commands support the following parameters to specify the tape device:
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--device <path> Path to the Linux tape device
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--drive <name> Use drive from Proxmox Backup Server configuration.
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Commands generating output supports the ``--output-format``
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Commands which generate output support the ``--output-format``
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parameter. It accepts the following values:
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:``text``: Text format (default). Human readable.
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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Tape Backup
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===========
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.. CAUTION:: Tape Backup is a technical preview feature, not meant for
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production usage. To enable the GUI, you need to issue the
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production use. To enable it in the GUI, you need to issue the
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following command (as root user on the console):
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.. code-block:: console
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@ -14,36 +14,36 @@ Tape Backup
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Proxmox tape backup provides an easy way to store datastore content
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onto magnetic tapes. This increases data safety because you get:
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- an additional copy of the data
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- to a different media type (tape)
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- an additional copy of the data,
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- on a different media type (tape),
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- to an additional location (you can move tapes off-site)
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In most restore jobs, only data from the last backup job is restored.
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Restore requests further decline the older the data
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Restore requests further decline, the older the data
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gets. Considering this, tape backup may also help to reduce disk
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usage, because you can safely remove data from disk once archived on
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tape. This is especially true if you need to keep data for several
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usage, because you can safely remove data from disk, once it's archived on
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tape. This is especially true if you need to retain data for several
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years.
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Tape backups do not provide random access to the stored data. Instead,
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you need to restore the data to disk before you can access it
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you need to restore the data to disk, before you can access it
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again. Also, if you store your tapes off-site (using some kind of tape
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vaulting service), you need to bring them on-site before you can do any
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restore. So please consider that restores from tapes can take much
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longer than restores from disk.
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vaulting service), you need to bring them back on-site, before you can do any
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restores. So please consider that restoring from tape can take much
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longer than restoring from disk.
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Tape Technology Primer
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----------------------
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.. _Linear Tape Open: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_Tape-Open
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.. _Linear Tape-Open: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_Tape-Open
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As of 2021, the only broadly available tape technology standard is
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`Linear Tape Open`_, and different vendors offers LTO Ultrium tape
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drives, auto-loaders and LTO tape cartridges.
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As of 2021, the only widely available tape technology standard is
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`Linear Tape-Open`_ (LTO). Different vendors offer LTO Ultrium tape
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drives, auto-loaders, and LTO tape cartridges.
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There are a few vendors offering proprietary drives with
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slight advantages in performance and capacity, but they have
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There are a few vendors that offer proprietary drives with
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slight advantages in performance and capacity. Nevertheless, they have
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significant disadvantages:
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- proprietary (single vendor)
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@ -53,13 +53,13 @@ So we currently do not test such drives.
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In general, LTO tapes offer the following advantages:
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- Durable (30 years)
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- Durability (30 year lifespan)
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- High Capacity (12 TB)
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- Relatively low cost per TB
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- Cold Media
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- Movable (storable inside vault)
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- Multiple vendors (for both media and drives)
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- Build in AES-CGM Encryption engine
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- Build in AES-GCM Encryption engine
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Note that `Proxmox Backup Server` already stores compressed data, so using the
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tape compression feature has no advantage.
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@ -68,41 +68,40 @@ tape compression feature has no advantage.
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Supported Hardware
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------------------
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Proxmox Backup Server supports `Linear Tape Open`_ generation 4 (LTO4)
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or later. In general, all SCSI2 tape drives supported by the Linux
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kernel should work, but feature like hardware encryptions needs LTO4
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Proxmox Backup Server supports `Linear Tape-Open`_ generation 4 (LTO-4)
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or later. In general, all SCSI-2 tape drives supported by the Linux
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kernel should work, but features like hardware encryption need LTO-4
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or later.
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Tape changer support is done using the Linux 'mtx' command line
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tool. So any changer device supported by that tool should work.
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Tape changing is carried out using the Linux 'mtx' command line
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tool, so any changer device supported by this tool should work.
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Drive Performance
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Current LTO-8 tapes provide read/write speeds up to 360 MB/s. This means,
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Current LTO-8 tapes provide read/write speeds of up to 360 MB/s. This means,
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that it still takes a minimum of 9 hours to completely write or
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read a single tape (even at maximum speed).
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The only way to speed up that data rate is to use more than one
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drive. That way you can run several backup jobs in parallel, or run
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drive. That way, you can run several backup jobs in parallel, or run
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restore jobs while the other dives are used for backups.
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Also consider that you need to read data first from your datastore
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(disk). But a single spinning disk is unable to deliver data at this
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Also consider that you first need to read data from your datastore
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(disk). However, a single spinning disk is unable to deliver data at this
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rate. We measured a maximum rate of about 60MB/s to 100MB/s in practice,
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so it takes 33 hours to read 12TB to fill up an LTO-8 tape. If you want
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to run your tape at full speed, please make sure that the source
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so it takes 33 hours to read the 12TB needed to fill up an LTO-8 tape. If you want
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to write to your tape at full speed, please make sure that the source
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datastore is able to deliver that performance (e.g, by using SSDs).
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Terminology
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-----------
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:Tape Labels: are used to uniquely identify a tape. You normally use
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some sticky paper labels and apply them on the front of the
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cartridge. We additionally store the label text magnetically on the
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tape (first file on tape).
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:Tape Labels: are used to uniquely identify a tape. You would normally apply a
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sticky paper label to the front of the cartridge. We additionally store the
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label text magnetically on the tape (first file on tape).
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.. _Code 39: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_39
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@ -116,10 +115,10 @@ Terminology
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Specification`_.
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You can either buy such barcode labels from your cartridge vendor,
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or print them yourself. You can use our `LTO Barcode Generator`_ App
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for that.
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or print them yourself. You can use our `LTO Barcode Generator`_
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app, if you would like to print them yourself.
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.. Note:: Physical labels and the associated adhesive shall have an
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.. Note:: Physical labels and the associated adhesive should have an
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environmental performance to match or exceed the environmental
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specifications of the cartridge to which it is applied.
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@ -133,7 +132,7 @@ Terminology
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media pool).
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:Tape drive: The device used to read and write data to the tape. There
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are standalone drives, but drives often ship within tape libraries.
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are standalone drives, but drives are usually shipped within tape libraries.
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:Tape changer: A device which can change the tapes inside a tape drive
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(tape robot). They are usually part of a tape library.
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@ -142,10 +141,10 @@ Terminology
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:`Tape library`_: A storage device that contains one or more tape drives,
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a number of slots to hold tape cartridges, a barcode reader to
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identify tape cartridges and an automated method for loading tapes
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identify tape cartridges, and an automated method for loading tapes
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(a robot).
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This is also commonly known as 'autoloader', 'tape robot' or 'tape jukebox'.
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This is also commonly known as an 'autoloader', 'tape robot' or 'tape jukebox'.
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:Inventory: The inventory stores the list of known tapes (with
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additional status information).
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@ -153,14 +152,14 @@ Terminology
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:Catalog: A media catalog stores information about the media content.
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Tape Quickstart
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Tape Quick Start
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---------------
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1. Configure your tape hardware (drives and changers)
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2. Configure one or more media pools
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3. Label your tape cartridges.
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3. Label your tape cartridges
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4. Start your first tape backup job ...
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@ -169,7 +168,7 @@ Configuration
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-------------
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Please note that you can configure anything using the graphical user
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interface or the command line interface. Both methods results in the
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interface or the command line interface. Both methods result in the
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same configuration.
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.. _tape_changer_config:
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@ -180,7 +179,7 @@ Tape changers
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Tape changers (robots) are part of a `Tape Library`_. You can skip
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this step if you are using a standalone drive.
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Linux is able to auto detect those devices, and you can get a list
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Linux is able to auto detect these devices, and you can get a list
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of available devices using:
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.. code-block:: console
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@ -192,7 +191,7 @@ of available devices using:
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│ /dev/tape/by-id/scsi-CC2C52 │ Quantum │ Superloader3 │ CC2C52 │
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└─────────────────────────────┴─────────┴──────────────┴────────┘
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In order to use that device with Proxmox, you need to create a
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In order to use a device with Proxmox Backup Server, you need to create a
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configuration entry:
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.. code-block:: console
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@ -201,11 +200,11 @@ configuration entry:
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Where ``sl3`` is an arbitrary name you can choose.
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.. Note:: Please use stable device path names from inside
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.. Note:: Please use the persistent device path names from inside
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``/dev/tape/by-id/``. Names like ``/dev/sg0`` may point to a
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different device after reboot, and that is not what you want.
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You can show the final configuration with:
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You can display the final configuration with:
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.. code-block:: console
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@ -255,12 +254,12 @@ Tape libraries usually provide some special import/export slots (also
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called "mail slots"). Tapes inside those slots are accessible from
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outside, making it easy to add/remove tapes to/from the library. Those
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tapes are considered to be "offline", so backup jobs will not use
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them. Those special slots are auto-detected and marked as
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them. Those special slots are auto-detected and marked as an
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``import-export`` slot in the status command.
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It's worth noting that some of the smaller tape libraries don't have
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such slots. While they have something called "Mail Slot", that slot
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is just a way to grab the tape from the gripper. But they are unable
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such slots. While they have something called a "Mail Slot", that slot
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is just a way to grab the tape from the gripper. They are unable
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to hold media while the robot does other things. They also do not
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expose that "Mail Slot" over the SCSI interface, so you wont see them in
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the status output.
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@ -322,7 +321,7 @@ configuration entry:
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# proxmox-tape drive create mydrive --path /dev/tape/by-id/scsi-12345-nst
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.. Note:: Please use stable device path names from inside
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.. Note:: Please use the persistent device path names from inside
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``/dev/tape/by-id/``. Names like ``/dev/nst0`` may point to a
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different device after reboot, and that is not what you want.
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@ -334,10 +333,10 @@ changer device:
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# proxmox-tape drive update mydrive --changer sl3 --changer-drivenum 0
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The ``--changer-drivenum`` is only necessary if the tape library
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includes more than one drive (The changer status command lists all
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includes more than one drive (the changer status command lists all
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drive numbers).
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You can show the final configuration with:
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You can display the final configuration with:
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.. code-block:: console
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@ -353,7 +352,7 @@ You can show the final configuration with:
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└─────────┴────────────────────────────────┘
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.. NOTE:: The ``changer-drivenum`` value 0 is not stored in the
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configuration, because that is the default.
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configuration, because it is the default.
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To list all configured drives use:
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@ -383,7 +382,7 @@ For testing, you can simply query the drive status with:
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└───────────┴────────────────────────┘
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.. NOTE:: Blocksize should always be 0 (variable block size
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mode). This is the default anyways.
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mode). This is the default anyway.
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.. _tape_media_pool_config:
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@ -399,11 +398,11 @@ one media pool, so a job only uses tapes from that pool.
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A media set is a group of continuously written tapes, used to split
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the larger pool into smaller, restorable units. One or more backup
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jobs write to a media set, producing an ordered group of
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tapes. Media sets are identified by an unique ID. That ID and the
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sequence number is stored on each tape of that set (tape label).
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tapes. Media sets are identified by a unique ID. That ID and the
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sequence number are stored on each tape of that set (tape label).
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Media sets are the basic unit for restore tasks, i.e. you need all
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tapes in the set to restore the media set content. Data is fully
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Media sets are the basic unit for restore tasks. This means that you need
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every tape in the set to restore the media set contents. Data is fully
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deduplicated inside a media set.
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@ -414,20 +413,20 @@ one media pool, so a job only uses tapes from that pool.
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- Try to use the current media set.
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This setting produce one large media set. While this is very
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This setting produces one large media set. While this is very
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space efficient (deduplication, no unused space), it can lead to
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long restore times, because restore jobs needs to read all tapes in the
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long restore times, because restore jobs need to read all tapes in the
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set.
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.. NOTE:: Data is fully deduplicated inside a media set. That
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.. NOTE:: Data is fully deduplicated inside a media set. This
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also means that data is randomly distributed over the tapes in
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the set. So even if you restore a single VM, this may have to
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read data from all tapes inside the media set.
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the set. Thus, even if you restore a single VM, data may have to be
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read from all tapes inside the media set.
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Larger media sets are also more error prone, because a single
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damaged media makes the restore fail.
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Larger media sets are also more error-prone, because a single
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damaged tape makes the restore fail.
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Usage scenario: Mostly used with tape libraries, and you manually
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Usage scenario: Mostly used with tape libraries. You manually
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trigger new set creation by running a backup job with the
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``--export`` option.
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@ -436,13 +435,13 @@ one media pool, so a job only uses tapes from that pool.
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- Always create a new media set.
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With this setting each backup job creates a new media set. This
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is less space efficient, because the last media from the last set
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With this setting, each backup job creates a new media set. This
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is less space efficient, because the media from the last set
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may not be fully written, leaving the remaining space unused.
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The advantage is that this procudes media sets of minimal
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size. Small set are easier to handle, you can move sets to an
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off-site vault, and restore is much faster.
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size. Small sets are easier to handle, can be moved more conveniently
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to an off-site vault, and can be restored much faster.
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.. NOTE:: Retention period starts with the creation time of the
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media set.
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@ -468,11 +467,11 @@ one media pool, so a job only uses tapes from that pool.
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- Current set contains damaged or retired tapes.
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- Media pool encryption changed
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- Media pool encryption has changed
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- Database consistency errors, e.g. if the inventory does not
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contain required media info, or contain conflicting infos
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(outdated data).
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- Database consistency errors, for example, if the inventory does not
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contain the required media information, or it contains conflicting
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information (outdated data).
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.. topic:: Retention Policy
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@ -489,26 +488,27 @@ one media pool, so a job only uses tapes from that pool.
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.. topic:: Hardware Encryption
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LTO4 (or later) tape drives support hardware encryption. If you
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LTO-4 (or later) tape drives support hardware encryption. If you
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configure the media pool to use encryption, all data written to the
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tapes is encrypted using the configured key.
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That way, unauthorized users cannot read data from the media,
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e.g. if you loose a media while shipping to an offsite location.
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This way, unauthorized users cannot read data from the media,
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for example, if you loose a tape while shipping to an offsite location.
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.. Note:: If the backup client also encrypts data, data on tape
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.. Note:: If the backup client also encrypts data, data on the tape
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will be double encrypted.
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The password protected key is stored on each media, so it is
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possbible to `restore the key <tape_restore_encryption_key_>`_ using the password. Please make sure
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you remember the password in case you need to restore the key.
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The password protected key is stored on each medium, so that it is
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possbible to `restore the key <tape_restore_encryption_key_>`_ using
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the password. Please make sure to remember the password, in case
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you need to restore the key.
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.. NOTE:: We use global content namespace, i.e. we do not store the
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source datastore, so it is impossible to distinguish store1:/vm/100
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from store2:/vm/100. Please use different media pools if the
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sources are from different name spaces with conflicting names
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(E.g. if the sources are from different Proxmox VE clusters).
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.. NOTE:: We use global content namespace, meaning we do not store the
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source datastore name. Because of this, it is impossible to distinguish
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store1:/vm/100 from store2:/vm/100. Please use different media pools
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if the sources are from different namespaces with conflicting names
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(for example, if the sources are from different Proxmox VE clusters).
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The following command creates a new media pool:
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@ -520,7 +520,7 @@ The following command creates a new media pool:
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# proxmox-tape pool create daily --drive mydrive
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Additional option can be set later using the update command:
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Additional option can be set later, using the update command:
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.. code-block:: console
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@ -544,8 +544,8 @@ Tape Backup Jobs
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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To automate tape backup, you can configure tape backup jobs which
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store datastore content to a media pool at a specific time
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schedule. Required settings are:
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write datastore content to a media pool, based on a specific time schedule.
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The required settings are:
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- ``store``: The datastore you want to backup
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@ -564,14 +564,14 @@ use:
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# proxmox-tape backup-job create job2 --store vmstore1 \
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--pool yourpool --drive yourdrive --schedule daily
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Backup includes all snapshot from a backup group by default. You can
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The backup includes all snapshots from a backup group by default. You can
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set the ``latest-only`` flag to include only the latest snapshots:
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.. code-block:: console
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|
||||
# proxmox-tape backup-job update job2 --latest-only
|
||||
|
||||
Backup jobs can use email to send tape requests notifications or
|
||||
Backup jobs can use email to send tape request notifications or
|
||||
report errors. You can set the notification user with:
|
||||
|
||||
.. code-block:: console
|
||||
@ -581,7 +581,7 @@ report errors. You can set the notification user with:
|
||||
.. Note:: The email address is a property of the user (see :ref:`user_mgmt`).
|
||||
|
||||
It is sometimes useful to eject the tape from the drive after a
|
||||
backup. For a standalone drive, the ``eject-media`` option eject the
|
||||
backup. For a standalone drive, the ``eject-media`` option ejects the
|
||||
tape, making sure that the following backup cannot use the tape
|
||||
(unless someone manually loads the tape again). For tape libraries,
|
||||
this option unloads the tape to a free slot, which provides better
|
||||
@ -591,11 +591,11 @@ dust protection than inside a drive:
|
||||
|
||||
# proxmox-tape backup-job update job2 --eject-media
|
||||
|
||||
.. Note:: For failed jobs, the tape remain in the drive.
|
||||
.. Note:: For failed jobs, the tape remains in the drive.
|
||||
|
||||
For tape libraries, the ``export-media`` options moves all tapes from
|
||||
For tape libraries, the ``export-media`` option moves all tapes from
|
||||
the media set to an export slot, making sure that the following backup
|
||||
cannot use the tapes. An operator can pickup those tapes and move them
|
||||
cannot use the tapes. An operator can pick up those tapes and move them
|
||||
to a vault.
|
||||
|
||||
.. code-block:: console
|
||||
@ -622,9 +622,9 @@ To remove a job, please use:
|
||||
Administration
|
||||
--------------
|
||||
|
||||
Many sub-command of the ``proxmox-tape`` command line tools take a
|
||||
Many sub-commands of the ``proxmox-tape`` command line tools take a
|
||||
parameter called ``--drive``, which specifies the tape drive you want
|
||||
to work on. For convenience, you can set that in an environment
|
||||
to work on. For convenience, you can set this in an environment
|
||||
variable:
|
||||
|
||||
.. code-block:: console
|
||||
@ -639,27 +639,27 @@ parameter from commands that needs a changer device, for example:
|
||||
|
||||
# proxmox-tape changer status
|
||||
|
||||
Should displays the changer status of the changer device associated with
|
||||
should display the changer status of the changer device associated with
|
||||
drive ``mydrive``.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Label Tapes
|
||||
~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||||
|
||||
By default, tape cartidges all looks the same, so you need to put a
|
||||
label on them for unique identification. So first, put a sticky paper
|
||||
By default, tape cartridges all look the same, so you need to put a
|
||||
label on them for unique identification. First, put a sticky paper
|
||||
label with some human readable text on the cartridge.
|
||||
|
||||
If you use a `Tape Library`_, you should use an 8 character string
|
||||
encoded as `Code 39`_, as definded in the `LTO Ultrium Cartridge Label
|
||||
Specification`_. You can either bye such barcode labels from your
|
||||
cartidge vendor, or print them yourself. You can use our `LTO Barcode
|
||||
Generator`_ App for that.
|
||||
encoded as `Code 39`_, as defined in the `LTO Ultrium Cartridge Label
|
||||
Specification`_. You can either buy such barcode labels from your
|
||||
cartridge vendor, or print them yourself. You can use our `LTO Barcode
|
||||
Generator`_ app to print them.
|
||||
|
||||
Next, you need to write that same label text to the tape, so that the
|
||||
software can uniquely identify the tape too.
|
||||
|
||||
For a standalone drive, manually insert the new tape cartidge into the
|
||||
For a standalone drive, manually insert the new tape cartridge into the
|
||||
drive and run:
|
||||
|
||||
.. code-block:: console
|
||||
@ -668,7 +668,7 @@ drive and run:
|
||||
|
||||
You may omit the ``--pool`` argument to allow the tape to be used by any pool.
|
||||
|
||||
.. Note:: For safety reasons, this command fails if the tape contain
|
||||
.. Note:: For safety reasons, this command fails if the tape contains
|
||||
any data. If you want to overwrite it anyway, erase the tape first.
|
||||
|
||||
You can verify success by reading back the label:
|
||||
@ -718,7 +718,7 @@ The following options are available:
|
||||
--eject-media Eject media upon job completion.
|
||||
|
||||
It is normally good practice to eject the tape after use. This unmounts the
|
||||
tape from the drive and prevents the tape from getting dirty with dust.
|
||||
tape from the drive and prevents the tape from getting dusty.
|
||||
|
||||
--export-media-set Export media set upon job completion.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -737,7 +737,7 @@ catalogs, you need to restore them first. Please note that you need
|
||||
the catalog to find your data, but restoring a complete media-set does
|
||||
not need media catalogs.
|
||||
|
||||
The following command shows the media content (from catalog):
|
||||
The following command lists the media content (from catalog):
|
||||
|
||||
.. code-block:: console
|
||||
|
||||
@ -841,7 +841,7 @@ database. Further restore jobs automatically use any available key.
|
||||
Tape Cleaning
|
||||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||||
|
||||
LTO tape drives requires regular cleaning. This is done by loading a
|
||||
LTO tape drives require regular cleaning. This is done by loading a
|
||||
cleaning cartridge into the drive, which is a manual task for
|
||||
standalone drives.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -876,7 +876,7 @@ This command does the following:
|
||||
|
||||
- find the cleaning tape (in slot 3)
|
||||
|
||||
- unload the current media from the drive (back to slot1)
|
||||
- unload the current media from the drive (back to slot 1)
|
||||
|
||||
- load the cleaning tape into the drive
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user