1043 lines
40 KiB
ReStructuredText
1043 lines
40 KiB
ReStructuredText
Backup Management
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=================
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.. The administration guide.
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.. todo:: either add a bit more explanation or remove the previous sentence
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Terminology
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-----------
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Backup Content
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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When doing deduplication, there are different strategies to get
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optimal results in terms of performance and/or deduplication rates.
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Depending on the type of data, it can be split into *fixed* or *variable*
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sized chunks.
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Fixed sized chunking requires minimal CPU power, and is used to
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backup virtual machine images.
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Variable sized chunking needs more CPU power, but is essential to get
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good deduplication rates for file archives.
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The Proxmox Backup Server supports both strategies.
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File Archives: ``<name>.pxar``
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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.. see https://moinakg.wordpress.com/2013/06/22/high-performance-content-defined-chunking/
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A file archive stores a full directory tree. Content is stored using
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the :ref:`pxar-format`, split into variable-sized chunks. The format
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is optimized to achieve good deduplication rates.
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Image Archives: ``<name>.img``
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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This is used for virtual machine images and other large binary
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data. Content is split into fixed-sized chunks.
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Binary Data (BLOBs)
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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This type is used to store smaller (< 16MB) binary data such as
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configuration files. Larger files should be stored as image archive.
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.. caution:: Please do not store all files as BLOBs. Instead, use the
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file archive to store whole directory trees.
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Catalog File: ``catalog.pcat1``
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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The catalog file is an index for file archives. It contains
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the list of files and is used to speed up search operations.
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The Manifest: ``index.json``
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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The manifest contains the list of all backup files, their
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sizes and checksums. It is used to verify the consistency of a
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backup.
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Backup Type
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~~~~~~~~~~~
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The backup server groups backups by *type*, where *type* is one of:
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``vm``
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This type is used for :term:`virtual machine`\ s. Typically
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consists of the virtual machine's configuration file and an image archive
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for each disk.
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``ct``
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This type is used for :term:`container`\ s. Consists of the container's
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configuration and a single file archive for the filesystem content.
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``host``
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This type is used for backups created from within the backed up machine.
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Typically this would be a physical host but could also be a virtual machine
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or container. Such backups may contain file and image archives, there are no restrictions in this regard.
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Backup ID
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~~~~~~~~~
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A unique ID. Usually the virtual machine or container ID. ``host``
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type backups normally use the hostname.
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Backup Time
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~~~~~~~~~~~
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The time when the backup was made.
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Backup Group
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~~~~~~~~~~~~
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The tuple ``<type>/<ID>`` is called a backup group. Such a group
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may contain one or more backup snapshots.
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Backup Snapshot
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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The triplet ``<type>/<ID>/<time>`` is called a backup snapshot. It
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uniquely identifies a specific backup within a datastore.
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.. code-block:: console
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:caption: Backup Snapshot Examples
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vm/104/2019-10-09T08:01:06Z
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host/elsa/2019-11-08T09:48:14Z
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As you can see, the time format is RFC3399_ with Coordinated
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Universal Time (UTC_, identified by the trailing *Z*).
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Backup Server Management
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------------------------
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The command line tool to configure and manage the backup server is called
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:command:`proxmox-backup-manager`.
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:term:`DataStore`
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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A datastore is a place where backups are stored. The current implementation
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uses a directory inside a standard unix file system (``ext4``, ``xfs``
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or ``zfs``) to store the backup data.
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Datastores are identified by a simple *ID*. You can configure it
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when setting up the backup server.
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.. note:: The `File Layout`_ requires the file system to support at least *65538*
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subdirectories per directory. That number comes from the 2\ :sup:`16`
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pre-created chunk namespace directories, and the ``.`` and ``..`` default
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directory entries. This requirement excludes certain filesystems and
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filesystem configuration from being supported for a datastore. For example,
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``ext3`` as a whole or ``ext4`` with the ``dir_nlink`` feature manually disabled.
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Datastore Configuration
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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You can configure multiple datastores. Minimum one datastore needs to be
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configured. The datastore is identified by a simple `name` and points to a
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directory on the filesystem. Each datastore also has associated retention
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settings of how many backup snapshots for each interval of ``hourly``,
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``daily``, ``weekly``, ``monthly``, ``yearly`` as well as a time-independent
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number of backups to keep in that store. :ref:`Pruning <pruning>` and
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:ref:`garbage collection <garbage-collection>` can also be configured to run
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periodically based on a configured :term:`schedule` per datastore.
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The following command creates a new datastore called ``store1`` on :file:`/backup/disk1/store1`
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.. code-block:: console
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# proxmox-backup-manager datastore create store1 /backup/disk1/store1
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To list existing datastores run:
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.. code-block:: console
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# proxmox-backup-manager datastore list
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┌────────┬──────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────┐
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│ name │ path │ comment │
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╞════════╪══════════════════════╪═════════════════════════════╡
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│ store1 │ /backup/disk1/store1 │ This is my default storage. │
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└────────┴──────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────┘
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You can change settings of a datastore, for example to set a prune and garbage
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collection schedule or retention settings using ``update`` subcommand and view
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a datastore with the ``show`` subcommand:
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.. code-block:: console
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# proxmox-backup-manager datastore update store1 --keep-last 7 --prune-schedule daily --gc-schedule 'Tue 04:27'
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# proxmox-backup-manager datastore show store1
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┌────────────────┬─────────────────────────────┐
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│ Name │ Value │
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╞════════════════╪═════════════════════════════╡
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│ name │ store1 │
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├────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┤
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│ path │ /backup/disk1/store1 │
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├────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┤
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│ comment │ This is my default storage. │
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├────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┤
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│ gc-schedule │ Tue 04:27 │
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├────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┤
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│ keep-last │ 7 │
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├────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┤
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│ prune-schedule │ daily │
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└────────────────┴─────────────────────────────┘
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Finally, it is possible to remove the datastore configuration:
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.. code-block:: console
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# proxmox-backup-manager datastore remove store1
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.. note:: The above command removes only the datastore configuration. It does
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not delete any data from the underlying directory.
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File Layout
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^^^^^^^^^^^
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After creating a datastore, the following default layout will appear:
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.. code-block:: console
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# ls -arilh /backup/disk1/store1
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276493 -rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup 0 Jul 8 12:35 .lock
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276490 drwxr-x--- 1 backup backup 1064960 Jul 8 12:35 .chunks
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`.lock` is an empty file used for process locking.
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The `.chunks` directory contains folders, starting from `0000` and taking hexadecimal values until `ffff`. These
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directories will store the chunked data after a backup operation has been executed.
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.. code-block:: console
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# ls -arilh /backup/disk1/store1/.chunks
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545824 drwxr-x--- 2 backup backup 4.0K Jul 8 12:35 ffff
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545823 drwxr-x--- 2 backup backup 4.0K Jul 8 12:35 fffe
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415621 drwxr-x--- 2 backup backup 4.0K Jul 8 12:35 fffd
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415620 drwxr-x--- 2 backup backup 4.0K Jul 8 12:35 fffc
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353187 drwxr-x--- 2 backup backup 4.0K Jul 8 12:35 fffb
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344995 drwxr-x--- 2 backup backup 4.0K Jul 8 12:35 fffa
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144079 drwxr-x--- 2 backup backup 4.0K Jul 8 12:35 fff9
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144078 drwxr-x--- 2 backup backup 4.0K Jul 8 12:35 fff8
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144077 drwxr-x--- 2 backup backup 4.0K Jul 8 12:35 fff7
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...
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403180 drwxr-x--- 2 backup backup 4.0K Jul 8 12:35 000c
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403179 drwxr-x--- 2 backup backup 4.0K Jul 8 12:35 000b
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403177 drwxr-x--- 2 backup backup 4.0K Jul 8 12:35 000a
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402530 drwxr-x--- 2 backup backup 4.0K Jul 8 12:35 0009
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402513 drwxr-x--- 2 backup backup 4.0K Jul 8 12:35 0008
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402509 drwxr-x--- 2 backup backup 4.0K Jul 8 12:35 0007
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276509 drwxr-x--- 2 backup backup 4.0K Jul 8 12:35 0006
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276508 drwxr-x--- 2 backup backup 4.0K Jul 8 12:35 0005
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276507 drwxr-x--- 2 backup backup 4.0K Jul 8 12:35 0004
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276501 drwxr-x--- 2 backup backup 4.0K Jul 8 12:35 0003
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276499 drwxr-x--- 2 backup backup 4.0K Jul 8 12:35 0002
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276498 drwxr-x--- 2 backup backup 4.0K Jul 8 12:35 0001
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276494 drwxr-x--- 2 backup backup 4.0K Jul 8 12:35 0000
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276489 drwxr-xr-x 3 backup backup 4.0K Jul 8 12:35 ..
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276490 drwxr-x--- 1 backup backup 1.1M Jul 8 12:35 .
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User Management
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Proxmox Backup Server supports several authentication realms, and you need to
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choose the realm when you add a new user. Possible realms are:
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:pam: Linux PAM standard authentication. Use this if you want to
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authenticate as Linux system user (Users need to exist on the
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system).
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:pbs: Proxmox Backup Server realm. This type stores hashed passwords in
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``/etc/proxmox-backup/shadow.json``.
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After installation, there is a single user ``root@pam``, which
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corresponds to the Unix superuser. You can use the
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``proxmox-backup-manager`` command line tool to list or manipulate
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users:
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.. code-block:: console
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# proxmox-backup-manager user list
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┌─────────────┬────────┬────────┬───────────┬──────────┬────────────────┬────────────────────┐
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│ userid │ enable │ expire │ firstname │ lastname │ email │ comment │
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╞═════════════╪════════╪════════╪═══════════╪══════════╪════════════════╪════════════════════╡
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│ root@pam │ 1 │ │ │ │ │ Superuser │
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└─────────────┴────────┴────────┴───────────┴──────────┴────────────────┴────────────────────┘
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The superuser has full administration rights on everything, so you
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normally want to add other users with less privileges:
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.. code-block:: console
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# proxmox-backup-manager user create john@pbs --email john@example.com
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The create command lets you specify many options like ``--email`` or
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``--password``. You can update or change any of them using the
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update command later:
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.. code-block:: console
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# proxmox-backup-manager user update john@pbs --firstname John --lastname Smith
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# proxmox-backup-manager user update john@pbs --comment "An example user."
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.. todo:: Mention how to set password without passing plaintext password as cli argument.
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The resulting user list looks like this:
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.. code-block:: console
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# proxmox-backup-manager user list
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┌──────────┬────────┬────────┬───────────┬──────────┬──────────────────┬──────────────────┐
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│ userid │ enable │ expire │ firstname │ lastname │ email │ comment │
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╞══════════╪════════╪════════╪═══════════╪══════════╪══════════════════╪══════════════════╡
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│ john@pbs │ 1 │ │ John │ Smith │ john@example.com │ An example user. │
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├──────────┼────────┼────────┼───────────┼──────────┼──────────────────┼──────────────────┤
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│ root@pam │ 1 │ │ │ │ │ Superuser │
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└──────────┴────────┴────────┴───────────┴──────────┴──────────────────┴──────────────────┘
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Newly created users do not have any permissions. Please read the next
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section to learn how to set access permissions.
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If you want to disable a user account, you can do that by setting ``--enable`` to ``0``
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.. code-block:: console
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# proxmox-backup-manager user update john@pbs --enable 0
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Or completely remove the user with:
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.. code-block:: console
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# proxmox-backup-manager user remove john@pbs
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Access Control
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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By default new users do not have any permission. Instead you need to
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specify what is allowed and what is not. You can do this by assigning
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roles to users on specific objects like datastores or remotes. The
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following roles exist:
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**NoAccess**
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Disable Access - nothing is allowed.
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**Admin**
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The Administrator can do anything.
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**Audit**
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An Auditor can view things, but is not allowed to change settings.
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**DatastoreAdmin**
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Can do anything on datastores.
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**DatastoreAudit**
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Can view datastore settings and list content. But
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is not allowed to read the actual data.
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**DataStoreReader**
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Can Inspect datastore content and can do restores.
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**DataStoreBackup**
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Can backup and restore owned backups.
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**DatastorePowerUser**
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Can backup, restore, and prune owned backups.
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**RemoteAdmin**
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Can do anything on remotes.
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**RemoteAudit**
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Can view remote settings.
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**RemoteSyncOperator**
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Is allowed to read data from a remote.
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:term:`Remote`
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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A remote refers to a separate Proxmox Backup Server installation and a user on that
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installation, from which you can `sync` datastores to a local datastore with a
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`Sync Job`.
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To add a remote, you need its hostname or ip, a userid and password on the
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remote, and its certificate fingerprint. To get the fingerprint, use the
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``proxmox-backup-manager cert info`` command on the remote.
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.. code-block:: console
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# proxmox-backup-manager cert info |grep Fingerprint
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Fingerprint (sha256): 64:d3:ff:3a:50:38:53:5a:9b:f7:50:...:ab:fe
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Using the information specified above, add the remote with:
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.. code-block:: console
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# proxmox-backup-manager remote create pbs2 --host pbs2.mydomain.example --userid sync@pam --password 'SECRET' --fingerprint 64:d3:ff:3a:50:38:53:5a:9b:f7:50:...:ab:fe
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Use the ``list``, ``show``, ``update``, ``remove`` subcommands of
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``proxmox-backup-manager remote`` to manage your remotes:
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.. code-block:: console
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# proxmox-backup-manager remote update pbs2 --host pbs2.example
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# proxmox-backup-manager remote list
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┌──────┬──────────────┬──────────┬───────────────────────────────────────────┬─────────┐
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│ name │ host │ userid │ fingerprint │ comment │
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╞══════╪══════════════╪══════════╪═══════════════════════════════════════════╪═════════╡
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│ pbs2 │ pbs2.example │ sync@pam │64:d3:ff:3a:50:38:53:5a:9b:f7:50:...:ab:fe │ │
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└──────┴──────────────┴──────────┴───────────────────────────────────────────┴─────────┘
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# proxmox-backup-manager remote remove pbs2
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Sync Jobs
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~~~~~~~~~
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Sync jobs are configured to pull the contents of a datastore on a `Remote` to a
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local datastore. You can either start the sync job manually on the GUI or
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provide it with a :term:`schedule` to run regularly. The
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``proxmox-backup-manager sync-job`` command is used to manage sync jobs:
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.. code-block:: console
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# proxmox-backup-manager sync-job create pbs2-local --remote pbs2 --remote-store local --store local --schedule 'Wed 02:30'
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# proxmox-backup-manager sync-job update pbs2-local --comment 'offsite'
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# proxmox-backup-manager sync-job list
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┌────────────┬───────┬────────┬──────────────┬───────────┬─────────┐
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│ id │ store │ remote │ remote-store │ schedule │ comment │
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╞════════════╪═══════╪════════╪══════════════╪═══════════╪═════════╡
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│ pbs2-local │ local │ pbs2 │ local │ Wed 02:30 │ offsite │
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└────────────┴───────┴────────┴──────────────┴───────────┴─────────┘
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# proxmox-backup-manager sync-job remove pbs2-local
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Backup Client usage
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-------------------
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The command line client is called :command:`proxmox-backup-client`.
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Respository Locations
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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The client uses the following notation to specify a datastore repository
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on the backup server.
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[[username@]server:]datastore
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The default value for ``username`` ist ``root``. If no server is specified,
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the default is the local host (``localhost``).
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You can pass the repository with the ``--repository`` command
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line option, or by setting the ``PBS_REPOSITORY`` environment
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variable.
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Environment Variables
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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``PBS_REPOSITORY``
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The default backup repository.
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``PBS_PASSWORD``
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When set, this value is used for the password required for the
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backup server.
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``PBS_ENCRYPTION_PASSWORD``
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When set, this value is used to access the secret encryption key (if
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protected by password).
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``PBS_FINGERPRINT`` When set, this value is used to verify the server
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certificate (only used if the system CA certificates cannot
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validate the certificate).
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Output Format
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Most commands support the ``--output-format`` parameter. It accepts
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the following values:
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:``text``: Text format (default). Structured data is rendered as a table.
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:``json``: JSON (single line).
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:``json-pretty``: JSON (multiple lines, nicely formatted).
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Please use the following environment variables to modify output behavior:
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``PROXMOX_OUTPUT_FORMAT``
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Defines the default output format.
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``PROXMOX_OUTPUT_NO_BORDER``
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If set (to any value), do not render table borders.
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``PROXMOX_OUTPUT_NO_HEADER``
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If set (to any value), do not render table headers.
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|
|
|
.. note:: The ``text`` format is designed to be human readable, and
|
|
not meant to be parsed by automation tools. Please use the ``json``
|
|
format if you need to process the output.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. _creating-backups:
|
|
|
|
Creating Backups
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
This section explains how to create a backup from within the machine. This can
|
|
be a physical host, a virtual machine, or a container. Such backups may contain file
|
|
and image archives. There are no restrictions in this case.
|
|
|
|
.. note:: If you want to backup virtual machines or containers on Proxmox VE, see :ref:`pve-integration`.
|
|
|
|
For the following example you need to have a backup server set up, working
|
|
credentials and need to know the repository name.
|
|
In the following examples we use ``backup-server:store1``.
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# proxmox-backup-client backup root.pxar:/ --repository backup-server:store1
|
|
Starting backup: host/elsa/2019-12-03T09:35:01Z
|
|
Client name: elsa
|
|
skip mount point: "/boot/efi"
|
|
skip mount point: "/dev"
|
|
skip mount point: "/run"
|
|
skip mount point: "/sys"
|
|
Uploaded 12129 chunks in 87 seconds (564 MB/s).
|
|
End Time: 2019-12-03T10:36:29+01:00
|
|
|
|
This will prompt you for a password and then uploads a file archive named
|
|
``root.pxar`` containing all the files in the ``/`` directory.
|
|
|
|
.. Caution:: Please note that the proxmox-backup-client does not
|
|
automatically include mount points. Instead, you will see a short
|
|
``skip mount point`` notice for each of them. The idea is to
|
|
create a separate file archive for each mounted disk. You can
|
|
explicitly include them using the ``--include-dev`` option
|
|
(i.e. ``--include-dev /boot/efi``). You can use this option
|
|
multiple times for each mount point that should be included.
|
|
|
|
The ``--repository`` option can get quite long and is used by all
|
|
commands. You can avoid having to enter this value by setting the
|
|
environment variable ``PBS_REPOSITORY``.
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# export PBS_REPOSITORY=backup-server:store1
|
|
|
|
After this you can execute all commands without specifying the ``--repository``
|
|
option.
|
|
|
|
One single backup is allowed to contain more than one archive. For example, if
|
|
you want to backup two disks mounted at ``/mmt/disk1`` and ``/mnt/disk2``:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# proxmox-backup-client backup disk1.pxar:/mnt/disk1 disk2.pxar:/mnt/disk2
|
|
|
|
This creates a backup of both disks.
|
|
|
|
The backup command takes a list of backup specifications, which
|
|
include the archive name on the server, the type of the archive, and the
|
|
archive source at the client. The format is:
|
|
|
|
<archive-name>.<type>:<source-path>
|
|
|
|
Common types are ``.pxar`` for file archives, and ``.img`` for block
|
|
device images. To create a backup of a block device run the following command:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# proxmox-backup-client backup mydata.img:/dev/mylvm/mydata
|
|
|
|
Excluding files/folders from a backup
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
Sometimes it is desired to exclude certain files or folders from a backup archive.
|
|
To tell the Proxmox backup client when and how to ignore files and directories,
|
|
place a text file called ``.pxarexclude`` in the filesystem hierarchy.
|
|
Whenever the backup client encounters such a file in a directory, it interprets
|
|
each line as glob match patterns for files and directories that are to be excluded
|
|
from the backup.
|
|
|
|
The file must contain a single glob pattern per line. Empty lines are ignored.
|
|
The same is true for lines starting with ``#``, which indicates a comment.
|
|
A ``!`` at the beginning of a line reverses the glob match pattern from an exclusion
|
|
to an explicit inclusion. This makes it possible to exclude all entries in a
|
|
directory except for a few single files/subdirectories.
|
|
Lines ending in ``/`` match only on directories.
|
|
The directory containing the ``.pxarexclude`` file is considered to be the root of
|
|
the given patterns. It is only possible to match files in this directory and its subdirectories.
|
|
|
|
``\`` is used to escape special glob characters.
|
|
``?`` matches any single character.
|
|
``*`` matches any character, including an empty string.
|
|
``**`` is used to match subdirectories. It can be used to, for example, exclude
|
|
all files ending in ``.tmp`` within the directory or subdirectories with the
|
|
following pattern ``**/*.tmp``.
|
|
``[...]`` matches a single character from any of the provided characters within
|
|
the brackets. ``[!...]`` does the complementary and matches any singe character
|
|
not contained within the brackets. It is also possible to specify ranges with two
|
|
characters separated by ``-``. For example, ``[a-z]`` matches any lowercase
|
|
alphabetic character and ``[0-9]`` matches any one single digit.
|
|
|
|
The order of the glob match patterns defines whether a file is included or
|
|
excluded, that is to say later entries override previous ones.
|
|
This is also true for match patterns encountered deeper down the directory tree,
|
|
which can override a previous exclusion.
|
|
Be aware that excluded directories will **not** be read by the backup client.
|
|
Thus, a ``.pxarexclude`` file in an excluded subdirectory will have no effect.
|
|
``.pxarexclude`` files are treated as regular files and will be included in the
|
|
backup archive.
|
|
|
|
For example, consider the following directory structure:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# ls -aR folder
|
|
folder/:
|
|
. .. .pxarexclude subfolder0 subfolder1
|
|
|
|
folder/subfolder0:
|
|
. .. file0 file1 file2 file3 .pxarexclude
|
|
|
|
folder/subfolder1:
|
|
. .. file0 file1 file2 file3
|
|
|
|
The different ``.pxarexclude`` files contain the following:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# cat folder/.pxarexclude
|
|
/subfolder0/file1
|
|
/subfolder1/*
|
|
!/subfolder1/file2
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# cat folder/subfolder0/.pxarexclude
|
|
file3
|
|
|
|
This would exclude ``file1`` and ``file3`` in ``subfolder0`` and all of
|
|
``subfolder1`` except ``file2``.
|
|
|
|
Restoring this backup will result in:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
ls -aR restored
|
|
restored/:
|
|
. .. .pxarexclude subfolder0 subfolder1
|
|
|
|
restored/subfolder0:
|
|
. .. file0 file2 .pxarexclude
|
|
|
|
restored/subfolder1:
|
|
. .. file2
|
|
|
|
Encryption
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
Proxmox Backup supports client-side encryption with AES-256 in GCM_
|
|
mode. To set this up, you first need to create an encryption key:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# proxmox-backup-client key create my-backup.key
|
|
Encryption Key Password: **************
|
|
|
|
The key is password protected by default. If you do not need this
|
|
extra protection, you can also create it without a password:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# proxmox-backup-client key create /path/to/my-backup.key --kdf none
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# proxmox-backup-client backup etc.pxar:/etc --keyfile /path/to/my-backup.key
|
|
Password: *********
|
|
Encryption Key Password: **************
|
|
...
|
|
|
|
|
|
You can avoid entering the passwords by setting the environment
|
|
variables ``PBS_PASSWORD`` and ``PBS_ENCRYPTION_PASSWORD``.
|
|
|
|
.. todo:: Explain master-key
|
|
|
|
|
|
Restoring Data
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
The regular creation of backups is a necessary step to avoiding data
|
|
loss. More importantly, however, is the restoration. It is good practice to perform
|
|
periodic recovery tests to ensure that you can access the data in
|
|
case of problems.
|
|
|
|
First, you need to find the snapshot which you want to restore. The snapshot
|
|
command provides a list of all the snapshots on the server:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# proxmox-backup-client snapshots
|
|
┌────────────────────────────────┬─────────────┬────────────────────────────────────┐
|
|
│ snapshot │ size │ files │
|
|
╞════════════════════════════════╪═════════════╪════════════════════════════════════╡
|
|
│ host/elsa/2019-12-03T09:30:15Z │ 51788646825 │ root.pxar catalog.pcat1 index.json │
|
|
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────┼────────────────────────────────────┤
|
|
│ host/elsa/2019-12-03T09:35:01Z │ 51790622048 │ root.pxar catalog.pcat1 index.json │
|
|
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────┼────────────────────────────────────┤
|
|
...
|
|
|
|
You can inspect the catalog to find specific files.
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# proxmox-backup-client catalog dump host/elsa/2019-12-03T09:35:01Z
|
|
...
|
|
d "./root.pxar.didx/etc/cifs-utils"
|
|
l "./root.pxar.didx/etc/cifs-utils/idmap-plugin"
|
|
d "./root.pxar.didx/etc/console-setup"
|
|
...
|
|
|
|
The restore command lets you restore a single archive from the
|
|
backup.
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# proxmox-backup-client restore host/elsa/2019-12-03T09:35:01Z root.pxar /target/path/
|
|
|
|
To get the contents of any archive, you can restore the ``ìndex.json`` file in the
|
|
repository to the target path '-'. This will dump the contents to the standard output.
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# proxmox-backup-client restore host/elsa/2019-12-03T09:35:01Z index.json -
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interactive Restores
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
If you only want to restore a few individual files, it is often easier
|
|
to use the interactive recovery shell.
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# proxmox-backup-client catalog shell host/elsa/2019-12-03T09:35:01Z root.pxar
|
|
Starting interactive shell
|
|
pxar:/ > ls
|
|
bin boot dev etc home lib lib32
|
|
...
|
|
|
|
The interactive recovery shell is a minimalistic command line interface that
|
|
utilizes the metadata stored in the catalog to quickly list, navigate and
|
|
search files in a file archive.
|
|
To restore files, you can select them individually or match them with a glob
|
|
pattern.
|
|
|
|
Using the catalog for navigation reduces the overhead considerably because only
|
|
the catalog needs to be downloaded and, optionally, decrypted.
|
|
The actual chunks are only accessed if the metadata in the catalog is not enough
|
|
or for the actual restore.
|
|
|
|
Similar to common UNIX shells ``cd`` and ``ls`` are the commands used to change
|
|
working directory and list directory contents in the archive.
|
|
``pwd`` shows the full path of the current working directory with respect to the
|
|
archive root.
|
|
|
|
Being able to quickly search the contents of the archive is a commmonly needed feature.
|
|
That's where the catalog is most valuable.
|
|
For example:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
pxar:/ > find etc/ **/*.txt --select
|
|
"/etc/X11/rgb.txt"
|
|
pxar:/ > list-selected
|
|
etc/**/*.txt
|
|
pxar:/ > restore-selected /target/path
|
|
...
|
|
|
|
This will find and print all files ending in ``.txt`` located in ``etc/`` or a
|
|
subdirectory and add the corresponding pattern to the list for subsequent restores.
|
|
``list-selected`` shows these patterns and ``restore-selected`` finally restores
|
|
all files in the archive matching the patterns to ``/target/path`` on the local
|
|
host. This will scan the whole archive.
|
|
|
|
With ``restore /target/path`` you can restore the sub-archive given by the current
|
|
working directory to the local target path ``/target/path`` on your host.
|
|
By additionally passing a glob pattern with ``--pattern <glob>``, the restore is
|
|
further limited to files matching the pattern.
|
|
For example:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
pxar:/ > cd /etc/
|
|
pxar:/etc/ > restore /target/ --pattern **/*.conf
|
|
...
|
|
|
|
The above will scan trough all the directories below ``/etc`` and restore all
|
|
files ending in ``.conf``.
|
|
|
|
.. todo:: Explain interactive restore in more detail
|
|
|
|
Mounting of Archives via FUSE
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
The :term:`FUSE` implementation for the pxar archive allows you to mount a
|
|
file archive as a read-only filesystem to a mountpoint on your host.
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# proxmox-backup-client mount host/backup-client/2020-01-29T11:29:22Z root.pxar /mnt
|
|
# ls /mnt
|
|
bin dev home lib32 libx32 media opt root sbin sys usr
|
|
boot etc lib lib64 lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var
|
|
|
|
This allows you to access the full contents of the archive in a seamless manner.
|
|
|
|
.. note:: As the FUSE connection needs to fetch and decrypt chunks from the
|
|
backup server's datastore, this can cause some additional network and CPU
|
|
load on your host, depending on the operations you perform on the mounted
|
|
filesystem.
|
|
|
|
To unmount the filesystem use the ``umount`` command on the mountpoint:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# umount /mnt
|
|
|
|
Login and Logout
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
The client tool prompts you to enter the logon password as soon as you
|
|
want to access the backup server. The server checks your credentials
|
|
and responds with a ticket that is valid for two hours. The client
|
|
tool automatically stores that ticket and uses it for further requests
|
|
to this server.
|
|
|
|
You can also manually trigger this login/logout using the login and
|
|
logout commands:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# proxmox-backup-client login
|
|
Password: **********
|
|
|
|
To remove the ticket, issue a logout:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# proxmox-backup-client logout
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. _pruning:
|
|
|
|
Pruning and Removing Backups
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
You can manually delete a backup snapshot using the ``forget``
|
|
command:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# proxmox-backup-client forget <snapshot>
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. caution:: This command removes all archives in this backup
|
|
snapshot. They will be inaccessible and unrecoverable.
|
|
|
|
|
|
The manual removal is sometimes required, but normally the prune
|
|
command is used to systematically delete older backups. Prune lets
|
|
you specify which backup snapshots you want to keep. The
|
|
following retention options are available:
|
|
|
|
``--keep-last <N>``
|
|
Keep the last ``<N>`` backup snapshots.
|
|
|
|
``--keep-hourly <N>``
|
|
Keep backups for the last ``<N>`` hours. If there is more than one
|
|
backup for a single hour, only the latest is kept.
|
|
|
|
``--keep-daily <N>``
|
|
Keep backups for the last ``<N>`` days. If there is more than one
|
|
backup for a single day, only the latest is kept.
|
|
|
|
``--keep-weekly <N>``
|
|
Keep backups for the last ``<N>`` weeks. If there is more than one
|
|
backup for a single week, only the latest is kept.
|
|
|
|
.. note:: Weeks start on Monday and end on Sunday. The software
|
|
uses the `ISO week date`_ system and handles weeks at
|
|
the end of the year correctly.
|
|
|
|
``--keep-monthly <N>``
|
|
Keep backups for the last ``<N>`` months. If there is more than one
|
|
backup for a single month, only the latest is kept.
|
|
|
|
``--keep-yearly <N>``
|
|
Keep backups for the last ``<N>`` years. If there is more than one
|
|
backup for a single year, only the latest is kept.
|
|
|
|
The retention options are processed in the order given above. Each option
|
|
only covers backups within its time period. The next option does not take care
|
|
of already covered backups. It will only consider older backups.
|
|
|
|
Unfinished and incomplete backups will be removed by the prune command unless
|
|
they are newer than the last successful backup. In this case, the last failed
|
|
backup is retained.
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# proxmox-backup-client prune <group> --keep-daily 7 --keep-weekly 4 --keep-monthly 3
|
|
|
|
|
|
You can use the ``--dry-run`` option to test your settings. This only
|
|
shows the list of existing snapshots and what actions prune would take.
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# proxmox-backup-client prune host/elsa --dry-run --keep-daily 1 --keep-weekly 3
|
|
┌────────────────────────────────┬──────┐
|
|
│ snapshot │ keep │
|
|
╞════════════════════════════════╪══════╡
|
|
│ host/elsa/2019-12-04T13:20:37Z │ 1 │
|
|
├────────────────────────────────┼──────┤
|
|
│ host/elsa/2019-12-03T09:35:01Z │ 0 │
|
|
├────────────────────────────────┼──────┤
|
|
│ host/elsa/2019-11-22T11:54:47Z │ 1 │
|
|
├────────────────────────────────┼──────┤
|
|
│ host/elsa/2019-11-21T12:36:25Z │ 0 │
|
|
├────────────────────────────────┼──────┤
|
|
│ host/elsa/2019-11-10T10:42:20Z │ 1 │
|
|
└────────────────────────────────┴──────┘
|
|
|
|
.. note:: Neither the ``prune`` command nor the ``forget`` command free space
|
|
in the chunk-store. The chunk-store still contains the data blocks. To free
|
|
space you need to perform :ref:`garbage-collection`.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. _garbage-collection:
|
|
|
|
Garbage Collection
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
The ``prune`` command removes only the backup index files, not the data
|
|
from the data store. This task is left to the garbage collection
|
|
command. It is recommended to carry out garbage collection on a regular basis.
|
|
|
|
The garbage collection works in two phases. In the first phase, all
|
|
data blocks that are still in use are marked. In the second phase,
|
|
unused data blocks are removed.
|
|
|
|
.. note:: This command needs to read all existing backup index files
|
|
and touches the complete chunk-store. This can take a long time
|
|
depending on the number of chunks and the speed of the underlying
|
|
disks.
|
|
|
|
.. note:: The garbage collection will only remove chunks that haven't been used
|
|
for at least one day (exactly 24h 5m). This grace period is necessary because
|
|
chunks in use are marked by touching the chunk which updates the ``atime``
|
|
(access time) property. Filesystems are mounted with the ``relatime`` option
|
|
by default. This results in a better performance by only updating the
|
|
``atime`` property if the last access has been at least 24 hours ago. The
|
|
downside is, that touching a chunk within these 24 hours will not update its
|
|
``atime`` property.
|
|
|
|
If there are chunks in the grace period, it will be logged at the end of the
|
|
garbage collection run as *Pending removals*.
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# proxmox-backup-client garbage-collect
|
|
starting garbage collection on store store2
|
|
Start GC phase1 (mark used chunks)
|
|
Start GC phase2 (sweep unused chunks)
|
|
percentage done: 1, chunk count: 219
|
|
percentage done: 2, chunk count: 453
|
|
...
|
|
percentage done: 99, chunk count: 21188
|
|
Removed bytes: 411368505
|
|
Removed chunks: 203
|
|
Original data bytes: 327160886391
|
|
Disk bytes: 52767414743 (16 %)
|
|
Disk chunks: 21221
|
|
Average chunk size: 2486565
|
|
TASK OK
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. todo:: howto run garbage-collection at regular intervalls (cron)
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. _pve-integration:
|
|
|
|
`Proxmox VE`_ integration
|
|
-------------------------
|
|
|
|
You need to define a new storage with type 'pbs' on your `Proxmox VE`_
|
|
node. The following example uses ``store2`` as storage name, and
|
|
assumes the server address is ``localhost``, and you want to connect
|
|
as ``user1@pbs``.
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# pvesm add pbs store2 --server localhost --datastore store2
|
|
# pvesm set store2 --username user1@pbs --password <secret>
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If your backup server uses a self signed certificate, you need to add
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the certificate fingerprint to the configuration. You can get the
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fingerprint by running the following command on the backup server:
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.. code-block:: console
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# proxmox-backup-manager cert info |grep Fingerprint
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Fingerprint (sha256): 64:d3:ff:3a:50:38:53:5a:9b:f7:50:...:ab:fe
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Please add that fingerprint to your configuration to establish a trust
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relationship:
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.. code-block:: console
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# pvesm set store2 --fingerprint 64:d3:ff:3a:50:38:53:5a:9b:f7:50:...:ab:fe
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After that you should be able to see storage status with:
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.. code-block:: console
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# pvesm status --storage store2
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Name Type Status Total Used Available %
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store2 pbs active 3905109820 1336687816 2568422004 34.23%
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.. include:: command-line-tools.rst
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.. include:: services.rst
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