318 lines
14 KiB
ReStructuredText
318 lines
14 KiB
ReStructuredText
Backup Storage
|
|
==============
|
|
|
|
.. _storage_disk_management:
|
|
|
|
Disk Management
|
|
---------------
|
|
|
|
.. image:: images/screenshots/pbs-gui-disks.png
|
|
:align: right
|
|
:alt: List of disks
|
|
|
|
Proxmox Backup Server comes with a set of disk utilities, which are
|
|
accessed using the ``disk`` subcommand or the web interface. This subcommand
|
|
allows you to initialize disks, create various filesystems, and get information
|
|
about the disks.
|
|
|
|
.. image:: images/screenshots/pbs-gui-disks.png
|
|
:align: right
|
|
:alt: Web Interface Administration: Disks
|
|
|
|
To view the disks connected to the system, navigate to **Administration ->
|
|
Storage/Disks** in the web interface or use the ``list`` subcommand of
|
|
``disk``:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# proxmox-backup-manager disk list
|
|
┌──────┬────────┬─────┬───────────┬─────────────┬───────────────┬─────────┬────────┐
|
|
│ name │ used │ gpt │ disk-type │ size │ model │ wearout │ status │
|
|
╞══════╪════════╪═════╪═══════════╪═════════════╪═══════════════╪═════════╪════════╡
|
|
│ sda │ lvm │ 1 │ hdd │ 34359738368 │ QEMU_HARDDISK │ - │ passed │
|
|
├──────┼────────┼─────┼───────────┼─────────────┼───────────────┼─────────┼────────┤
|
|
│ sdb │ unused │ 1 │ hdd │ 68719476736 │ QEMU_HARDDISK │ - │ passed │
|
|
├──────┼────────┼─────┼───────────┼─────────────┼───────────────┼─────────┼────────┤
|
|
│ sdc │ unused │ 1 │ hdd │ 68719476736 │ QEMU_HARDDISK │ - │ passed │
|
|
└──────┴────────┴─────┴───────────┴─────────────┴───────────────┴─────────┴────────┘
|
|
|
|
To initialize a disk with a new GPT, use the ``initialize`` subcommand:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# proxmox-backup-manager disk initialize sdX
|
|
|
|
.. image:: images/screenshots/pbs-gui-disks-dir-create.png
|
|
:align: right
|
|
:alt: Create a directory
|
|
|
|
You can create an ``ext4`` or ``xfs`` filesystem on a disk using ``fs
|
|
create``, or by navigating to **Administration -> Storage/Disks -> Directory**
|
|
in the web interface and creating one from there. The following command creates
|
|
an ``ext4`` filesystem and passes the ``--add-datastore`` parameter, in order to
|
|
automatically create a datastore on the disk (in this case ``sdd``). This will
|
|
create a datastore at the location ``/mnt/datastore/store1``:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# proxmox-backup-manager disk fs create store1 --disk sdd --filesystem ext4 --add-datastore true
|
|
|
|
.. image:: images/screenshots/pbs-gui-disks-zfs-create.png
|
|
:align: right
|
|
:alt: Create ZFS
|
|
|
|
You can also create a ``zpool`` with various raid levels from **Administration
|
|
-> Storage/Disks -> ZFS** in the web interface, or by using ``zpool create``. The command
|
|
below creates a mirrored ``zpool`` using two disks (``sdb`` & ``sdc``) and
|
|
mounts it under ``/mnt/datastore/zpool1``:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# proxmox-backup-manager disk zpool create zpool1 --devices sdb,sdc --raidlevel mirror
|
|
|
|
.. note:: You can also pass the ``--add-datastore`` parameter here, to automatically
|
|
create a datastore from the disk.
|
|
|
|
You can use ``disk fs list`` and ``disk zpool list`` to keep track of your
|
|
filesystems and zpools respectively.
|
|
|
|
Proxmox Backup Server uses the package smartmontools. This is a set of tools
|
|
used to monitor and control the S.M.A.R.T. system for local hard disks. If a
|
|
disk supports S.M.A.R.T. capability, and you have this enabled, you can
|
|
display S.M.A.R.T. attributes from the web interface or by using the command:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# proxmox-backup-manager disk smart-attributes sdX
|
|
|
|
.. note:: This functionality may also be accessed directly through the use of
|
|
the ``smartctl`` command, which comes as part of the smartmontools package
|
|
(see ``man smartctl`` for more details).
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. _datastore_intro:
|
|
|
|
:term:`Datastore`
|
|
-----------------
|
|
|
|
.. image:: images/screenshots/pbs-gui-datastore-summary.png
|
|
:align: right
|
|
:alt: Datastore Usage Overview
|
|
|
|
A datastore refers to a location at which backups are stored. The current
|
|
implementation uses a directory inside a standard Unix file system (``ext4``,
|
|
``xfs`` or ``zfs``) to store the backup data.
|
|
|
|
Datastores are identified by a simple *ID*. You can configure this
|
|
when setting up the datastore. The configuration information for datastores
|
|
is stored in the file ``/etc/proxmox-backup/datastore.cfg``.
|
|
|
|
.. note:: The `File Layout`_ requires the file system to support at least *65538*
|
|
subdirectories per directory. That number comes from the 2\ :sup:`16`
|
|
pre-created chunk namespace directories, and the ``.`` and ``..`` default
|
|
directory entries. This requirement excludes certain filesystems and
|
|
filesystem configurations from being supported for a datastore. For example,
|
|
``ext3`` as a whole or ``ext4`` with the ``dir_nlink`` feature manually disabled.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Datastore Configuration
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
.. image:: images/screenshots/pbs-gui-datastore-content.png
|
|
:align: right
|
|
:alt: Datastore Content Overview
|
|
|
|
You can configure multiple datastores. A minimum of one datastore needs to be
|
|
configured. The datastore is identified by a simple *name* and points to a
|
|
directory on the filesystem. Each datastore also has associated retention
|
|
settings of how many backup snapshots for each interval of ``hourly``,
|
|
``daily``, ``weekly``, ``monthly``, ``yearly`` as well as a time-independent
|
|
number of backups to keep in that store. :ref:`backup-pruning` and
|
|
:ref:`garbage collection <client_garbage-collection>` can also be configured to
|
|
run periodically, based on a configured schedule (see
|
|
:ref:`calendar-event-scheduling`) per datastore.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. _storage_datastore_create:
|
|
|
|
Creating a Datastore
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
.. image:: images/screenshots/pbs-gui-datastore-create.png
|
|
:align: right
|
|
:alt: Create a datastore
|
|
|
|
You can create a new datastore from the web interface, by clicking **Add
|
|
Datastore** in the side menu, under the **Datastore** section. In the setup
|
|
window:
|
|
|
|
* *Name* refers to the name of the datastore
|
|
* *Backing Path* is the path to the directory upon which you want to create the
|
|
datastore
|
|
* *GC Schedule* refers to the time and intervals at which garbage collection
|
|
runs
|
|
* *Prune Schedule* refers to the frequency at which pruning takes place
|
|
* *Prune Options* set the amount of backups which you would like to keep (see
|
|
:ref:`backup-pruning`).
|
|
* *Comment* can be used to add some contextual information to the datastore.
|
|
|
|
Alternatively you can create a new datastore from the command line. The
|
|
following command creates a new datastore called ``store1`` on
|
|
:file:`/backup/disk1/store1`
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# proxmox-backup-manager datastore create store1 /backup/disk1/store1
|
|
|
|
|
|
Managing Datastores
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
To list existing datastores from the command line, run:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# proxmox-backup-manager datastore list
|
|
┌────────┬──────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────┐
|
|
│ name │ path │ comment │
|
|
╞════════╪══════════════════════╪═════════════════════════════╡
|
|
│ store1 │ /backup/disk1/store1 │ This is my default storage. │
|
|
└────────┴──────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────┘
|
|
|
|
You can change the garbage collection and prune settings of a datastore, by
|
|
editing the datastore from the GUI or by using the ``update`` subcommand. For
|
|
example, the below command changes the garbage collection schedule using the
|
|
``update`` subcommand and prints the properties of the datastore with the
|
|
``show`` subcommand:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# proxmox-backup-manager datastore update store1 --gc-schedule 'Tue 04:27'
|
|
# proxmox-backup-manager datastore show store1
|
|
┌────────────────┬─────────────────────────────┐
|
|
│ Name │ Value │
|
|
╞════════════════╪═════════════════════════════╡
|
|
│ name │ store1 │
|
|
├────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┤
|
|
│ path │ /backup/disk1/store1 │
|
|
├────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┤
|
|
│ comment │ This is my default storage. │
|
|
├────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┤
|
|
│ gc-schedule │ Tue 04:27 │
|
|
├────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┤
|
|
│ keep-last │ 7 │
|
|
├────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┤
|
|
│ prune-schedule │ daily │
|
|
└────────────────┴─────────────────────────────┘
|
|
|
|
Finally, it is possible to remove the datastore configuration:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# proxmox-backup-manager datastore remove store1
|
|
|
|
.. note:: The above command removes only the datastore configuration. It does
|
|
not delete any data from the underlying directory.
|
|
|
|
|
|
File Layout
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
After creating a datastore, the following default layout will appear:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# ls -arilh /backup/disk1/store1
|
|
276493 -rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup 0 Jul 8 12:35 .lock
|
|
276490 drwxr-x--- 1 backup backup 1064960 Jul 8 12:35 .chunks
|
|
|
|
`.lock` is an empty file used for process locking.
|
|
|
|
The `.chunks` directory contains folders, starting from `0000` and increasing in
|
|
hexadecimal values until `ffff`. These directories will store the chunked data,
|
|
categorized by checksum, after a backup operation has been executed.
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# ls -arilh /backup/disk1/store1/.chunks
|
|
545824 drwxr-x--- 2 backup backup 4.0K Jul 8 12:35 ffff
|
|
545823 drwxr-x--- 2 backup backup 4.0K Jul 8 12:35 fffe
|
|
415621 drwxr-x--- 2 backup backup 4.0K Jul 8 12:35 fffd
|
|
415620 drwxr-x--- 2 backup backup 4.0K Jul 8 12:35 fffc
|
|
353187 drwxr-x--- 2 backup backup 4.0K Jul 8 12:35 fffb
|
|
344995 drwxr-x--- 2 backup backup 4.0K Jul 8 12:35 fffa
|
|
144079 drwxr-x--- 2 backup backup 4.0K Jul 8 12:35 fff9
|
|
144078 drwxr-x--- 2 backup backup 4.0K Jul 8 12:35 fff8
|
|
144077 drwxr-x--- 2 backup backup 4.0K Jul 8 12:35 fff7
|
|
...
|
|
403180 drwxr-x--- 2 backup backup 4.0K Jul 8 12:35 000c
|
|
403179 drwxr-x--- 2 backup backup 4.0K Jul 8 12:35 000b
|
|
403177 drwxr-x--- 2 backup backup 4.0K Jul 8 12:35 000a
|
|
402530 drwxr-x--- 2 backup backup 4.0K Jul 8 12:35 0009
|
|
402513 drwxr-x--- 2 backup backup 4.0K Jul 8 12:35 0008
|
|
402509 drwxr-x--- 2 backup backup 4.0K Jul 8 12:35 0007
|
|
276509 drwxr-x--- 2 backup backup 4.0K Jul 8 12:35 0006
|
|
276508 drwxr-x--- 2 backup backup 4.0K Jul 8 12:35 0005
|
|
276507 drwxr-x--- 2 backup backup 4.0K Jul 8 12:35 0004
|
|
276501 drwxr-x--- 2 backup backup 4.0K Jul 8 12:35 0003
|
|
276499 drwxr-x--- 2 backup backup 4.0K Jul 8 12:35 0002
|
|
276498 drwxr-x--- 2 backup backup 4.0K Jul 8 12:35 0001
|
|
276494 drwxr-x--- 2 backup backup 4.0K Jul 8 12:35 0000
|
|
276489 drwxr-xr-x 3 backup backup 4.0K Jul 8 12:35 ..
|
|
276490 drwxr-x--- 1 backup backup 1.1M Jul 8 12:35 .
|
|
|
|
|
|
Once you uploaded some backups, or created namespaces, you may see the Backup
|
|
Type (`ct`, `vm`, `host`) and the start of the namespace hierarchy (`ns`).
|
|
|
|
.. _storage_namespaces:
|
|
|
|
Backup Namespaces
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
A datastore can host many backups as long as the underlying storage is big
|
|
enough and provides the performance required for one's use case.
|
|
But, without any hierarchy or separation its easy to run into naming conflicts,
|
|
especially when using the same datastore for multiple Proxmox VE instances or
|
|
multiple users.
|
|
|
|
The backup namespace hierarchy allows you to clearly separate different users
|
|
or backup sources in general, avoiding naming conflicts and providing
|
|
well-organized backup content view.
|
|
|
|
Each namespace level can host any backup type, CT, VM or Host but also other
|
|
namespaces, up to a depth of 8 level, where the root namespace is the first
|
|
level.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Namespace Permissions
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
You can make the permission configuration of a datastore more fine-grained by
|
|
setting permissions only on a specific namespace.
|
|
|
|
To see a datastore you need permission that has at least one of `AUDIT`,
|
|
`MODIFY`, `READ` or `BACKUP` privilege on any namespace it contains.
|
|
|
|
To create or delete a namespace you require the modify privilege on the parent
|
|
namespace. So, to initially create namespaces you need to have a permission
|
|
with a access role that includes the `MODIFY` privilege on the datastore itself.
|
|
|
|
For backup groups the existing privilege rules still apply, you either need a
|
|
powerful permission or be the owner of the backup group, nothing changed here.
|
|
|
|
.. todo:: continue
|
|
|
|
|
|
Options
|
|
~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
.. image:: images/screenshots/pbs-gui-datastore-options.png
|
|
:align: right
|
|
:alt: Datastore Options
|
|
|
|
There are a few per-datastore options:
|
|
|
|
* :ref:`Notifications <maintenance_notification>`
|
|
* :ref:`Maintenance Mode <maintenance_mode>`
|
|
* Verification of incoming backups
|