08379a21d1
Add section "Changing the Owner of a Backup Group" Signed-off-by: Dylan Whyte <d.whyte@proxmox.com>
738 lines
29 KiB
ReStructuredText
738 lines
29 KiB
ReStructuredText
Backup Client Usage
|
|
===================
|
|
|
|
The command line client is called :command:`proxmox-backup-client`.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Repository Locations
|
|
--------------------
|
|
|
|
The client uses the following notation to specify a datastore repository
|
|
on the backup server.
|
|
|
|
[[username@]server[:port]:]datastore
|
|
|
|
The default value for ``username`` is ``root@pam``. If no server is specified,
|
|
the default is the local host (``localhost``).
|
|
|
|
You can specify a port if your backup server is only reachable on a different
|
|
port (e.g. with NAT and port forwarding).
|
|
|
|
Note that if the server is an IPv6 address, you have to write it with square
|
|
brackets (for example, `[fe80::01]`).
|
|
|
|
You can pass the repository with the ``--repository`` command line option, or
|
|
by setting the ``PBS_REPOSITORY`` environment variable.
|
|
|
|
Here some examples of valid repositories and the real values
|
|
|
|
================================ ================== ================== ===========
|
|
Example User Host:Port Datastore
|
|
================================ ================== ================== ===========
|
|
mydatastore ``root@pam`` localhost:8007 mydatastore
|
|
myhostname:mydatastore ``root@pam`` myhostname:8007 mydatastore
|
|
user@pbs@myhostname:mydatastore ``user@pbs`` myhostname:8007 mydatastore
|
|
user\@pbs!token@host:store ``user@pbs!token`` myhostname:8007 mydatastore
|
|
192.168.55.55:1234:mydatastore ``root@pam`` 192.168.55.55:1234 mydatastore
|
|
[ff80::51]:mydatastore ``root@pam`` [ff80::51]:8007 mydatastore
|
|
[ff80::51]:1234:mydatastore ``root@pam`` [ff80::51]:1234 mydatastore
|
|
================================ ================== ================== ===========
|
|
|
|
Environment Variables
|
|
---------------------
|
|
|
|
``PBS_REPOSITORY``
|
|
The default backup repository.
|
|
|
|
``PBS_PASSWORD``
|
|
When set, this value is used for the password required for the backup server.
|
|
You can also set this to a API token secret.
|
|
|
|
``PBS_ENCRYPTION_PASSWORD``
|
|
When set, this value is used to access the secret encryption key (if
|
|
protected by password).
|
|
|
|
``PBS_FINGERPRINT`` When set, this value is used to verify the server
|
|
certificate (only used if the system CA certificates cannot validate the
|
|
certificate).
|
|
|
|
|
|
Output Format
|
|
-------------
|
|
|
|
Most commands support the ``--output-format`` parameter. It accepts
|
|
the following values:
|
|
|
|
:``text``: Text format (default). Structured data is rendered as a table.
|
|
|
|
:``json``: JSON (single line).
|
|
|
|
:``json-pretty``: JSON (multiple lines, nicely formatted).
|
|
|
|
|
|
Please use the following environment variables to modify output behavior:
|
|
|
|
``PROXMOX_OUTPUT_FORMAT``
|
|
Defines the default output format.
|
|
|
|
``PROXMOX_OUTPUT_NO_BORDER``
|
|
If set (to any value), do not render table borders.
|
|
|
|
``PROXMOX_OUTPUT_NO_HEADER``
|
|
If set (to any value), do not render table headers.
|
|
|
|
.. note:: The ``text`` format is designed to be human readable, and
|
|
not meant to be parsed by automation tools. Please use the ``json``
|
|
format if you need to process the output.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. _creating-backups:
|
|
|
|
Creating Backups
|
|
----------------
|
|
|
|
This section explains how to create a backup from within the machine. This can
|
|
be a physical host, a virtual machine, or a container. Such backups may contain file
|
|
and image archives. There are no restrictions in this case.
|
|
|
|
.. note:: If you want to backup virtual machines or containers on Proxmox VE, see :ref:`pve-integration`.
|
|
|
|
For the following example you need to have a backup server set up, working
|
|
credentials and need to know the repository name.
|
|
In the following examples we use ``backup-server:store1``.
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# proxmox-backup-client backup root.pxar:/ --repository backup-server:store1
|
|
Starting backup: host/elsa/2019-12-03T09:35:01Z
|
|
Client name: elsa
|
|
skip mount point: "/boot/efi"
|
|
skip mount point: "/dev"
|
|
skip mount point: "/run"
|
|
skip mount point: "/sys"
|
|
Uploaded 12129 chunks in 87 seconds (564 MB/s).
|
|
End Time: 2019-12-03T10:36:29+01:00
|
|
|
|
This will prompt you for a password and then uploads a file archive named
|
|
``root.pxar`` containing all the files in the ``/`` directory.
|
|
|
|
.. Caution:: Please note that the proxmox-backup-client does not
|
|
automatically include mount points. Instead, you will see a short
|
|
``skip mount point`` notice for each of them. The idea is to
|
|
create a separate file archive for each mounted disk. You can
|
|
explicitly include them using the ``--include-dev`` option
|
|
(i.e. ``--include-dev /boot/efi``). You can use this option
|
|
multiple times for each mount point that should be included.
|
|
|
|
The ``--repository`` option can get quite long and is used by all
|
|
commands. You can avoid having to enter this value by setting the
|
|
environment variable ``PBS_REPOSITORY``. Note that if you would like this to remain set
|
|
over multiple sessions, you should instead add the below line to your
|
|
``.bashrc`` file.
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# export PBS_REPOSITORY=backup-server:store1
|
|
|
|
After this you can execute all commands without specifying the ``--repository``
|
|
option.
|
|
|
|
One single backup is allowed to contain more than one archive. For example, if
|
|
you want to backup two disks mounted at ``/mnt/disk1`` and ``/mnt/disk2``:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# proxmox-backup-client backup disk1.pxar:/mnt/disk1 disk2.pxar:/mnt/disk2
|
|
|
|
This creates a backup of both disks.
|
|
|
|
The backup command takes a list of backup specifications, which
|
|
include the archive name on the server, the type of the archive, and the
|
|
archive source at the client. The format is:
|
|
|
|
<archive-name>.<type>:<source-path>
|
|
|
|
Common types are ``.pxar`` for file archives, and ``.img`` for block
|
|
device images. To create a backup of a block device run the following command:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# proxmox-backup-client backup mydata.img:/dev/mylvm/mydata
|
|
|
|
|
|
Excluding files/folders from a backup
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
Sometimes it is desired to exclude certain files or folders from a backup archive.
|
|
To tell the Proxmox Backup client when and how to ignore files and directories,
|
|
place a text file called ``.pxarexclude`` in the filesystem hierarchy.
|
|
Whenever the backup client encounters such a file in a directory, it interprets
|
|
each line as glob match patterns for files and directories that are to be excluded
|
|
from the backup.
|
|
|
|
The file must contain a single glob pattern per line. Empty lines are ignored.
|
|
The same is true for lines starting with ``#``, which indicates a comment.
|
|
A ``!`` at the beginning of a line reverses the glob match pattern from an exclusion
|
|
to an explicit inclusion. This makes it possible to exclude all entries in a
|
|
directory except for a few single files/subdirectories.
|
|
Lines ending in ``/`` match only on directories.
|
|
The directory containing the ``.pxarexclude`` file is considered to be the root of
|
|
the given patterns. It is only possible to match files in this directory and its subdirectories.
|
|
|
|
``\`` is used to escape special glob characters.
|
|
``?`` matches any single character.
|
|
``*`` matches any character, including an empty string.
|
|
``**`` is used to match subdirectories. It can be used to, for example, exclude
|
|
all files ending in ``.tmp`` within the directory or subdirectories with the
|
|
following pattern ``**/*.tmp``.
|
|
``[...]`` matches a single character from any of the provided characters within
|
|
the brackets. ``[!...]`` does the complementary and matches any single character
|
|
not contained within the brackets. It is also possible to specify ranges with two
|
|
characters separated by ``-``. For example, ``[a-z]`` matches any lowercase
|
|
alphabetic character and ``[0-9]`` matches any one single digit.
|
|
|
|
The order of the glob match patterns defines whether a file is included or
|
|
excluded, that is to say later entries override previous ones.
|
|
This is also true for match patterns encountered deeper down the directory tree,
|
|
which can override a previous exclusion.
|
|
Be aware that excluded directories will **not** be read by the backup client.
|
|
Thus, a ``.pxarexclude`` file in an excluded subdirectory will have no effect.
|
|
``.pxarexclude`` files are treated as regular files and will be included in the
|
|
backup archive.
|
|
|
|
For example, consider the following directory structure:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# ls -aR folder
|
|
folder/:
|
|
. .. .pxarexclude subfolder0 subfolder1
|
|
|
|
folder/subfolder0:
|
|
. .. file0 file1 file2 file3 .pxarexclude
|
|
|
|
folder/subfolder1:
|
|
. .. file0 file1 file2 file3
|
|
|
|
The different ``.pxarexclude`` files contain the following:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# cat folder/.pxarexclude
|
|
/subfolder0/file1
|
|
/subfolder1/*
|
|
!/subfolder1/file2
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# cat folder/subfolder0/.pxarexclude
|
|
file3
|
|
|
|
This would exclude ``file1`` and ``file3`` in ``subfolder0`` and all of
|
|
``subfolder1`` except ``file2``.
|
|
|
|
Restoring this backup will result in:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
ls -aR restored
|
|
restored/:
|
|
. .. .pxarexclude subfolder0 subfolder1
|
|
|
|
restored/subfolder0:
|
|
. .. file0 file2 .pxarexclude
|
|
|
|
restored/subfolder1:
|
|
. .. file2
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. _encryption:
|
|
|
|
Encryption
|
|
----------
|
|
|
|
Proxmox Backup supports client-side encryption with AES-256 in GCM_
|
|
mode. To set this up, you first need to create an encryption key:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# proxmox-backup-client key create my-backup.key
|
|
Encryption Key Password: **************
|
|
|
|
The key is password protected by default. If you do not need this
|
|
extra protection, you can also create it without a password:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# proxmox-backup-client key create /path/to/my-backup.key --kdf none
|
|
|
|
Having created this key, it is now possible to create an encrypted backup, by
|
|
passing the ``--keyfile`` parameter, with the path to the key file.
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# proxmox-backup-client backup etc.pxar:/etc --keyfile /path/to/my-backup.key
|
|
Password: *********
|
|
Encryption Key Password: **************
|
|
...
|
|
|
|
.. Note:: If you do not specify the name of the backup key, the key will be
|
|
created in the default location
|
|
``~/.config/proxmox-backup/encryption-key.json``. ``proxmox-backup-client``
|
|
will also search this location by default, in case the ``--keyfile``
|
|
parameter is not specified.
|
|
|
|
You can avoid entering the passwords by setting the environment
|
|
variables ``PBS_PASSWORD`` and ``PBS_ENCRYPTION_PASSWORD``.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Using a master key to store and recover encryption keys
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
You can also use ``proxmox-backup-client key`` to create an RSA public/private
|
|
key pair, which can be used to store an encrypted version of the symmetric
|
|
backup encryption key alongside each backup and recover it later.
|
|
|
|
To set up a master key:
|
|
|
|
1. Create an encryption key for the backup:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# proxmox-backup-client key create
|
|
creating default key at: "~/.config/proxmox-backup/encryption-key.json"
|
|
Encryption Key Password: **********
|
|
...
|
|
|
|
The resulting file will be saved to ``~/.config/proxmox-backup/encryption-key.json``.
|
|
|
|
2. Create an RSA public/private key pair:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# proxmox-backup-client key create-master-key
|
|
Master Key Password: *********
|
|
...
|
|
|
|
This will create two files in your current directory, ``master-public.pem``
|
|
and ``master-private.pem``.
|
|
|
|
3. Import the newly created ``master-public.pem`` public certificate, so that
|
|
``proxmox-backup-client`` can find and use it upon backup.
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# proxmox-backup-client key import-master-pubkey /path/to/master-public.pem
|
|
Imported public master key to "~/.config/proxmox-backup/master-public.pem"
|
|
|
|
4. With all these files in place, run a backup job:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# proxmox-backup-client backup etc.pxar:/etc
|
|
|
|
The key will be stored in your backup, under the name ``rsa-encrypted.key``.
|
|
|
|
.. Note:: The ``--keyfile`` parameter can be excluded, if the encryption key
|
|
is in the default path. If you specified another path upon creation, you
|
|
must pass the ``--keyfile`` parameter.
|
|
|
|
5. To test that everything worked, you can restore the key from the backup:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# proxmox-backup-client restore /path/to/backup/ rsa-encrypted.key /path/to/target
|
|
|
|
.. Note:: You should not need an encryption key to extract this file. However, if
|
|
a key exists at the default location
|
|
(``~/.config/proxmox-backup/encryption-key.json``) the program will prompt
|
|
you for an encryption key password. Simply moving ``encryption-key.json``
|
|
out of this directory will fix this issue.
|
|
|
|
6. Then, use the previously generated master key to decrypt the file:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# openssl rsautl -decrypt -inkey master-private.pem -in rsa-encrypted.key -out /path/to/target
|
|
Enter pass phrase for ./master-private.pem: *********
|
|
|
|
7. The target file will now contain the encryption key information in plain
|
|
text. The success of this can be confirmed by passing the resulting ``json``
|
|
file, with the ``--keyfile`` parameter, when decrypting files from the backup.
|
|
|
|
.. warning:: Without their key, backed up files will be inaccessible. Thus, you should
|
|
keep keys ordered and in a place that is separate from the contents being
|
|
backed up. It can happen, for example, that you back up an entire system, using
|
|
a key on that system. If the system then becomes inaccessible for any reason
|
|
and needs to be restored, this will not be possible as the encryption key will be
|
|
lost along with the broken system. In preparation for the worst case scenario,
|
|
you should consider keeping a paper copy of this key locked away in
|
|
a safe place.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Restoring Data
|
|
--------------
|
|
|
|
The regular creation of backups is a necessary step to avoiding data
|
|
loss. More importantly, however, is the restoration. It is good practice to perform
|
|
periodic recovery tests to ensure that you can access the data in
|
|
case of problems.
|
|
|
|
First, you need to find the snapshot which you want to restore. The snapshot
|
|
command provides a list of all the snapshots on the server:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# proxmox-backup-client snapshots
|
|
┌────────────────────────────────┬─────────────┬────────────────────────────────────┐
|
|
│ snapshot │ size │ files │
|
|
╞════════════════════════════════╪═════════════╪════════════════════════════════════╡
|
|
│ host/elsa/2019-12-03T09:30:15Z │ 51788646825 │ root.pxar catalog.pcat1 index.json │
|
|
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────┼────────────────────────────────────┤
|
|
│ host/elsa/2019-12-03T09:35:01Z │ 51790622048 │ root.pxar catalog.pcat1 index.json │
|
|
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────┼────────────────────────────────────┤
|
|
...
|
|
|
|
You can inspect the catalog to find specific files.
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# proxmox-backup-client catalog dump host/elsa/2019-12-03T09:35:01Z
|
|
...
|
|
d "./root.pxar.didx/etc/cifs-utils"
|
|
l "./root.pxar.didx/etc/cifs-utils/idmap-plugin"
|
|
d "./root.pxar.didx/etc/console-setup"
|
|
...
|
|
|
|
The restore command lets you restore a single archive from the
|
|
backup.
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# proxmox-backup-client restore host/elsa/2019-12-03T09:35:01Z root.pxar /target/path/
|
|
|
|
To get the contents of any archive, you can restore the ``index.json`` file in the
|
|
repository to the target path '-'. This will dump the contents to the standard output.
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# proxmox-backup-client restore host/elsa/2019-12-03T09:35:01Z index.json -
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interactive Restores
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
If you only want to restore a few individual files, it is often easier
|
|
to use the interactive recovery shell.
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# proxmox-backup-client catalog shell host/elsa/2019-12-03T09:35:01Z root.pxar
|
|
Starting interactive shell
|
|
pxar:/ > ls
|
|
bin boot dev etc home lib lib32
|
|
...
|
|
|
|
The interactive recovery shell is a minimal command line interface that
|
|
utilizes the metadata stored in the catalog to quickly list, navigate and
|
|
search files in a file archive.
|
|
To restore files, you can select them individually or match them with a glob
|
|
pattern.
|
|
|
|
Using the catalog for navigation reduces the overhead considerably because only
|
|
the catalog needs to be downloaded and, optionally, decrypted.
|
|
The actual chunks are only accessed if the metadata in the catalog is not enough
|
|
or for the actual restore.
|
|
|
|
Similar to common UNIX shells ``cd`` and ``ls`` are the commands used to change
|
|
working directory and list directory contents in the archive.
|
|
``pwd`` shows the full path of the current working directory with respect to the
|
|
archive root.
|
|
|
|
Being able to quickly search the contents of the archive is a commonly needed feature.
|
|
That's where the catalog is most valuable.
|
|
For example:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
pxar:/ > find etc/**/*.txt --select
|
|
"/etc/X11/rgb.txt"
|
|
pxar:/ > list-selected
|
|
etc/**/*.txt
|
|
pxar:/ > restore-selected /target/path
|
|
...
|
|
|
|
This will find and print all files ending in ``.txt`` located in ``etc/`` or a
|
|
subdirectory and add the corresponding pattern to the list for subsequent restores.
|
|
``list-selected`` shows these patterns and ``restore-selected`` finally restores
|
|
all files in the archive matching the patterns to ``/target/path`` on the local
|
|
host. This will scan the whole archive.
|
|
|
|
With ``restore /target/path`` you can restore the sub-archive given by the current
|
|
working directory to the local target path ``/target/path`` on your host.
|
|
By additionally passing a glob pattern with ``--pattern <glob>``, the restore is
|
|
further limited to files matching the pattern.
|
|
For example:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
pxar:/ > cd /etc/
|
|
pxar:/etc/ > restore /target/ --pattern **/*.conf
|
|
...
|
|
|
|
The above will scan trough all the directories below ``/etc`` and restore all
|
|
files ending in ``.conf``.
|
|
|
|
.. todo:: Explain interactive restore in more detail
|
|
|
|
Mounting of Archives via FUSE
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
The :term:`FUSE` implementation for the pxar archive allows you to mount a
|
|
file archive as a read-only filesystem to a mountpoint on your host.
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# proxmox-backup-client mount host/backup-client/2020-01-29T11:29:22Z root.pxar /mnt/mountpoint
|
|
# ls /mnt/mountpoint
|
|
bin dev home lib32 libx32 media opt root sbin sys usr
|
|
boot etc lib lib64 lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var
|
|
|
|
This allows you to access the full contents of the archive in a seamless manner.
|
|
|
|
.. note:: As the FUSE connection needs to fetch and decrypt chunks from the
|
|
backup server's datastore, this can cause some additional network and CPU
|
|
load on your host, depending on the operations you perform on the mounted
|
|
filesystem.
|
|
|
|
To unmount the filesystem use the ``umount`` command on the mountpoint:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# umount /mnt/mountpoint
|
|
|
|
Login and Logout
|
|
----------------
|
|
|
|
The client tool prompts you to enter the logon password as soon as you
|
|
want to access the backup server. The server checks your credentials
|
|
and responds with a ticket that is valid for two hours. The client
|
|
tool automatically stores that ticket and uses it for further requests
|
|
to this server.
|
|
|
|
You can also manually trigger this login/logout using the login and
|
|
logout commands:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# proxmox-backup-client login
|
|
Password: **********
|
|
|
|
To remove the ticket, issue a logout:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# proxmox-backup-client logout
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. _changing-backup-owner:
|
|
|
|
Changing the Owner of a Backup Group
|
|
------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
By default, the owner of a backup group is the user which was used to originally
|
|
create that backup group (or in the case of sync jobs, ``root@pam``). This
|
|
means that if a user ``mike@pbs`` created a backup, another user ``john@pbs``
|
|
can not be used to create backups in that same backup group. In case you want
|
|
to change the owner of a backup, you can do so with the below command, using a
|
|
user that has ``Datastore.Modify`` privileges on the datastore.
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# proxmox-backup-client change-owner vm/103 john@pbs
|
|
|
|
This can also be done from within the web interface, by navigating to the
|
|
`Content` section of the datastore that contains the backup group and
|
|
selecting the user icon under the `Actions` column. Common cases for this could
|
|
be to change the owner of a sync job from ``root@pam``, or to repurpose a
|
|
backup group.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. _backup-pruning:
|
|
|
|
Pruning and Removing Backups
|
|
----------------------------
|
|
|
|
You can manually delete a backup snapshot using the ``forget``
|
|
command:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# proxmox-backup-client forget <snapshot>
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. caution:: This command removes all archives in this backup
|
|
snapshot. They will be inaccessible and unrecoverable.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Although manual removal is sometimes required, the ``prune``
|
|
command is normally used to systematically delete older backups. Prune lets
|
|
you specify which backup snapshots you want to keep. The
|
|
following retention options are available:
|
|
|
|
``--keep-last <N>``
|
|
Keep the last ``<N>`` backup snapshots.
|
|
|
|
``--keep-hourly <N>``
|
|
Keep backups for the last ``<N>`` hours. If there is more than one
|
|
backup for a single hour, only the latest is kept.
|
|
|
|
``--keep-daily <N>``
|
|
Keep backups for the last ``<N>`` days. If there is more than one
|
|
backup for a single day, only the latest is kept.
|
|
|
|
``--keep-weekly <N>``
|
|
Keep backups for the last ``<N>`` weeks. If there is more than one
|
|
backup for a single week, only the latest is kept.
|
|
|
|
.. note:: Weeks start on Monday and end on Sunday. The software
|
|
uses the `ISO week date`_ system and handles weeks at
|
|
the end of the year correctly.
|
|
|
|
``--keep-monthly <N>``
|
|
Keep backups for the last ``<N>`` months. If there is more than one
|
|
backup for a single month, only the latest is kept.
|
|
|
|
``--keep-yearly <N>``
|
|
Keep backups for the last ``<N>`` years. If there is more than one
|
|
backup for a single year, only the latest is kept.
|
|
|
|
The retention options are processed in the order given above. Each option
|
|
only covers backups within its time period. The next option does not take care
|
|
of already covered backups. It will only consider older backups.
|
|
|
|
Unfinished and incomplete backups will be removed by the prune command unless
|
|
they are newer than the last successful backup. In this case, the last failed
|
|
backup is retained.
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# proxmox-backup-client prune <group> --keep-daily 7 --keep-weekly 4 --keep-monthly 3
|
|
|
|
|
|
You can use the ``--dry-run`` option to test your settings. This only
|
|
shows the list of existing snapshots and what actions prune would take.
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# proxmox-backup-client prune host/elsa --dry-run --keep-daily 1 --keep-weekly 3
|
|
┌────────────────────────────────┬──────┐
|
|
│ snapshot │ keep │
|
|
╞════════════════════════════════╪══════╡
|
|
│ host/elsa/2019-12-04T13:20:37Z │ 1 │
|
|
├────────────────────────────────┼──────┤
|
|
│ host/elsa/2019-12-03T09:35:01Z │ 0 │
|
|
├────────────────────────────────┼──────┤
|
|
│ host/elsa/2019-11-22T11:54:47Z │ 1 │
|
|
├────────────────────────────────┼──────┤
|
|
│ host/elsa/2019-11-21T12:36:25Z │ 0 │
|
|
├────────────────────────────────┼──────┤
|
|
│ host/elsa/2019-11-10T10:42:20Z │ 1 │
|
|
└────────────────────────────────┴──────┘
|
|
|
|
.. note:: Neither the ``prune`` command nor the ``forget`` command free space
|
|
in the chunk-store. The chunk-store still contains the data blocks. To free
|
|
space you need to perform :ref:`garbage-collection`.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. _garbage-collection:
|
|
|
|
Garbage Collection
|
|
------------------
|
|
|
|
The ``prune`` command removes only the backup index files, not the data
|
|
from the datastore. This task is left to the garbage collection
|
|
command. It is recommended to carry out garbage collection on a regular basis.
|
|
|
|
The garbage collection works in two phases. In the first phase, all
|
|
data blocks that are still in use are marked. In the second phase,
|
|
unused data blocks are removed.
|
|
|
|
.. note:: This command needs to read all existing backup index files
|
|
and touches the complete chunk-store. This can take a long time
|
|
depending on the number of chunks and the speed of the underlying
|
|
disks.
|
|
|
|
.. note:: The garbage collection will only remove chunks that haven't been used
|
|
for at least one day (exactly 24h 5m). This grace period is necessary because
|
|
chunks in use are marked by touching the chunk which updates the ``atime``
|
|
(access time) property. Filesystems are mounted with the ``relatime`` option
|
|
by default. This results in a better performance by only updating the
|
|
``atime`` property if the last access has been at least 24 hours ago. The
|
|
downside is, that touching a chunk within these 24 hours will not always
|
|
update its ``atime`` property.
|
|
|
|
Chunks in the grace period will be logged at the end of the garbage
|
|
collection task as *Pending removals*.
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# proxmox-backup-client garbage-collect
|
|
starting garbage collection on store store2
|
|
Start GC phase1 (mark used chunks)
|
|
Start GC phase2 (sweep unused chunks)
|
|
percentage done: 1, chunk count: 219
|
|
percentage done: 2, chunk count: 453
|
|
...
|
|
percentage done: 99, chunk count: 21188
|
|
Removed bytes: 411368505
|
|
Removed chunks: 203
|
|
Original data bytes: 327160886391
|
|
Disk bytes: 52767414743 (16 %)
|
|
Disk chunks: 21221
|
|
Average chunk size: 2486565
|
|
TASK OK
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. todo:: howto run garbage-collection at regular intervals (cron)
|
|
|
|
Benchmarking
|
|
------------
|
|
|
|
The backup client also comes with a benchmarking tool. This tool measures
|
|
various metrics relating to compression and encryption speeds. You can run a
|
|
benchmark using the ``benchmark`` subcommand of ``proxmox-backup-client``:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
# proxmox-backup-client benchmark
|
|
Uploaded 656 chunks in 5 seconds.
|
|
Time per request: 7659 microseconds.
|
|
TLS speed: 547.60 MB/s
|
|
SHA256 speed: 585.76 MB/s
|
|
Compression speed: 1923.96 MB/s
|
|
Decompress speed: 7885.24 MB/s
|
|
AES256/GCM speed: 3974.03 MB/s
|
|
┌───────────────────────────────────┬─────────────────────┐
|
|
│ Name │ Value │
|
|
╞═══════════════════════════════════╪═════════════════════╡
|
|
│ TLS (maximal backup upload speed) │ 547.60 MB/s (93%) │
|
|
├───────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────┤
|
|
│ SHA256 checksum computation speed │ 585.76 MB/s (28%) │
|
|
├───────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────┤
|
|
│ ZStd level 1 compression speed │ 1923.96 MB/s (89%) │
|
|
├───────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────┤
|
|
│ ZStd level 1 decompression speed │ 7885.24 MB/s (98%) │
|
|
├───────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────┤
|
|
│ AES256 GCM encryption speed │ 3974.03 MB/s (104%) │
|
|
└───────────────────────────────────┴─────────────────────┘
|
|
|
|
.. note:: The percentages given in the output table correspond to a
|
|
comparison against a Ryzen 7 2700X. The TLS test connects to the
|
|
local host, so there is no network involved.
|
|
|
|
You can also pass the ``--output-format`` parameter to output stats in ``json``,
|
|
rather than the default table format.
|
|
|
|
|