//! File system helper utilities.

use std::borrow::{Borrow, BorrowMut};
use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
use std::os::unix::io::{AsRawFd, RawFd};

use anyhow::{format_err, Error};
use nix::dir;
use nix::dir::Dir;
use nix::fcntl::OFlag;
use nix::sys::stat::Mode;

use regex::Regex;

use proxmox::sys::error::SysError;


use crate::tools::borrow::Tied;

pub type DirLockGuard = Dir;

/// This wraps nix::dir::Entry with the parent directory's file descriptor.
pub struct ReadDirEntry {
    entry: dir::Entry,
    parent_fd: RawFd,
}

impl Into<dir::Entry> for ReadDirEntry {
    fn into(self) -> dir::Entry {
        self.entry
    }
}

impl Deref for ReadDirEntry {
    type Target = dir::Entry;

    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
        &self.entry
    }
}

impl DerefMut for ReadDirEntry {
    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
        &mut self.entry
    }
}

impl AsRef<dir::Entry> for ReadDirEntry {
    fn as_ref(&self) -> &dir::Entry {
        &self.entry
    }
}

impl AsMut<dir::Entry> for ReadDirEntry {
    fn as_mut(&mut self) -> &mut dir::Entry {
        &mut self.entry
    }
}

impl Borrow<dir::Entry> for ReadDirEntry {
    fn borrow(&self) -> &dir::Entry {
        &self.entry
    }
}

impl BorrowMut<dir::Entry> for ReadDirEntry {
    fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut dir::Entry {
        &mut self.entry
    }
}

impl ReadDirEntry {
    #[inline]
    pub fn parent_fd(&self) -> RawFd {
        self.parent_fd
    }

    pub unsafe fn file_name_utf8_unchecked(&self) -> &str {
        std::str::from_utf8_unchecked(self.file_name().to_bytes())
    }
}

// Since Tied<T, U> implements Deref to U, a Tied<Dir, Iterator> already implements Iterator.
// This is simply a wrapper with a shorter type name mapping nix::Error to anyhow::Error.
/// Wrapper over a pair of `nix::dir::Dir` and `nix::dir::Iter`, returned by `read_subdir()`.
pub struct ReadDir {
    iter: Tied<Dir, dyn Iterator<Item = nix::Result<dir::Entry>> + Send>,
    dir_fd: RawFd,
}

impl Iterator for ReadDir {
    type Item = Result<ReadDirEntry, Error>;

    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
        self.iter.next().map(|res| {
            res.map(|entry| ReadDirEntry { entry, parent_fd: self.dir_fd })
                .map_err(Error::from)
        })
    }
}

/// Create an iterator over sub directory entries.
/// This uses `openat` on `dirfd`, so `path` can be relative to that or an absolute path.
pub fn read_subdir<P: ?Sized + nix::NixPath>(dirfd: RawFd, path: &P) -> nix::Result<ReadDir> {
    let dir = Dir::openat(dirfd, path, OFlag::O_RDONLY, Mode::empty())?;
    let fd = dir.as_raw_fd();
    let iter = Tied::new(dir, |dir| {
        Box::new(unsafe { (*dir).iter() })
            as Box<dyn Iterator<Item = nix::Result<dir::Entry>> + Send>
    });
    Ok(ReadDir { iter, dir_fd: fd })
}

/// Scan through a directory with a regular expression. This is simply a shortcut filtering the
/// results of `read_subdir`. Non-UTF8 compatible file names are silently ignored.
pub fn scan_subdir<'a, P: ?Sized + nix::NixPath>(
    dirfd: RawFd,
    path: &P,
    regex: &'a regex::Regex,
) -> Result<impl Iterator<Item = Result<ReadDirEntry, Error>> + 'a, nix::Error> {
    Ok(read_subdir(dirfd, path)?.filter_file_name_regex(regex))
}

/// Helper trait to provide a combinators for directory entry iterators.
pub trait FileIterOps<T, E>
where
    Self: Sized + Iterator<Item = Result<T, E>>,
    T: Borrow<dir::Entry>,
    E: Into<Error> + Send + Sync,
{
    /// Filter by file type. This is more convenient than using the `filter` method alone as this
    /// also includes error handling and handling of files without a type (via an error).
    fn filter_file_type(self, ty: dir::Type) -> FileTypeFilter<Self, T, E> {
        FileTypeFilter { inner: self, ty }
    }

    /// Filter by file name. Note that file names which aren't valid utf-8 will be treated as if
    /// they do not match the pattern.
    fn filter_file_name_regex(self, regex: &Regex) -> FileNameRegexFilter<Self, T, E> {
        FileNameRegexFilter { inner: self, regex }
    }
}

impl<I, T, E> FileIterOps<T, E> for I
where
    I: Iterator<Item = Result<T, E>>,
    T: Borrow<dir::Entry>,
    E: Into<Error> + Send + Sync,
{
}

/// This filters files from its inner iterator by a file type. Files with no type produce an error.
pub struct FileTypeFilter<I, T, E>
where
    I: Iterator<Item = Result<T, E>>,
    T: Borrow<dir::Entry>,
    E: Into<Error> + Send + Sync,
{
    inner: I,
    ty: nix::dir::Type,
}

impl<I, T, E> Iterator for FileTypeFilter<I, T, E>
where
    I: Iterator<Item = Result<T, E>>,
    T: Borrow<dir::Entry>,
    E: Into<Error> + Send + Sync,
{
    type Item = Result<T, Error>;

    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
        loop {
            let item = self.inner.next()?.map_err(|e| e.into());
            match item {
                Ok(ref entry) => match entry.borrow().file_type() {
                    Some(ty) => {
                        if ty == self.ty {
                            return Some(item);
                        } else {
                            continue;
                        }
                    }
                    None => return Some(Err(format_err!("unable to detect file type"))),
                },
                Err(_) => return Some(item),
            }
        }
    }
}

/// This filters files by name via a Regex. Files whose file name aren't valid utf-8 are skipped
/// silently.
pub struct FileNameRegexFilter<'a, I, T, E>
where
    I: Iterator<Item = Result<T, E>>,
    T: Borrow<dir::Entry>,
{
    inner: I,
    regex: &'a Regex,
}

impl<I, T, E> Iterator for FileNameRegexFilter<'_, I, T, E>
where
    I: Iterator<Item = Result<T, E>>,
    T: Borrow<dir::Entry>,
{
    type Item = Result<T, E>;

    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
        loop {
            let item = self.inner.next()?;
            match item {
                Ok(ref entry) => {
                    if let Ok(name) = entry.borrow().file_name().to_str() {
                        if self.regex.is_match(name) {
                            return Some(item);
                        }
                    }
                    // file did not match regex or isn't valid utf-8
                    continue;
                },
                Err(_) => return Some(item),
            }
        }
    }
}

// /usr/include/linux/fs.h: #define FS_IOC_GETFLAGS _IOR('f', 1, long)
// read Linux file system attributes (see man chattr)
nix::ioctl_read!(read_attr_fd, b'f', 1, libc::c_long);
nix::ioctl_write_ptr!(write_attr_fd, b'f', 2, libc::c_long);

// /usr/include/linux/msdos_fs.h: #define FAT_IOCTL_GET_ATTRIBUTES _IOR('r', 0x10, __u32)
// read FAT file system attributes
nix::ioctl_read!(read_fat_attr_fd, b'r', 0x10, u32);
nix::ioctl_write_ptr!(write_fat_attr_fd, b'r', 0x11, u32);

// From /usr/include/linux/fs.h
// #define FS_IOC_FSGETXATTR _IOR('X', 31, struct fsxattr)
// #define FS_IOC_FSSETXATTR _IOW('X', 32, struct fsxattr)
nix::ioctl_read!(fs_ioc_fsgetxattr, b'X', 31, FSXAttr);
nix::ioctl_write_ptr!(fs_ioc_fssetxattr, b'X', 32, FSXAttr);

#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct FSXAttr {
    pub fsx_xflags: u32,
    pub fsx_extsize: u32,
    pub fsx_nextents: u32,
    pub fsx_projid: u32,
    pub fsx_cowextsize: u32,
    pub fsx_pad: [u8; 8],
}

impl Default for FSXAttr {
    fn default() -> Self {
        FSXAttr {
            fsx_xflags: 0u32,
            fsx_extsize: 0u32,
            fsx_nextents: 0u32,
            fsx_projid: 0u32,
            fsx_cowextsize: 0u32,
            fsx_pad: [0u8; 8],
        }
    }
}

/// Attempt to acquire a shared flock on the given path, 'what' and
/// 'would_block_message' are used for error formatting.
pub fn lock_dir_noblock_shared(
    path: &std::path::Path,
    what: &str,
    would_block_msg: &str,
) -> Result<DirLockGuard, Error> {
    do_lock_dir_noblock(path, what, would_block_msg, false)
}

/// Attempt to acquire an exclusive flock on the given path, 'what' and
/// 'would_block_message' are used for error formatting.
pub fn lock_dir_noblock(
    path: &std::path::Path,
    what: &str,
    would_block_msg: &str,
) -> Result<DirLockGuard, Error> {
    do_lock_dir_noblock(path, what, would_block_msg, true)
}

fn do_lock_dir_noblock(
    path: &std::path::Path,
    what: &str,
    would_block_msg: &str,
    exclusive: bool,
) -> Result<DirLockGuard, Error> {
    let mut handle = Dir::open(path, OFlag::O_RDONLY, Mode::empty())
        .map_err(|err| {
            format_err!("unable to open {} directory {:?} for locking - {}", what, path, err)
        })?;

    // acquire in non-blocking mode, no point in waiting here since other
    // backups could still take a very long time
    proxmox::tools::fs::lock_file(&mut handle, exclusive, Some(std::time::Duration::from_nanos(0)))
        .map_err(|err| {
            format_err!(
                "unable to acquire lock on {} directory {:?} - {}", what, path,
                if err.would_block() {
                    String::from(would_block_msg)
                } else {
                    err.to_string()
                }
            )
        })?;

    Ok(handle)
}