introduce Username, Realm and Userid api types

and begin splitting up types.rs as it has grown quite large
already

Signed-off-by: Wolfgang Bumiller <w.bumiller@proxmox.com>

examples/download-speed.rs

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ use anyhow::{Error};
 
 use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
 
+use proxmox_backup::api2::types::Userid;
 use proxmox_backup::client::{HttpClient, HttpClientOptions, BackupReader};
 
 pub struct DummyWriter {
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ async fn run() -> Result<(), Error> {
 
     let host = "localhost";
 
-    let username = "root@pam";
+    let username = Userid::root_userid();
 
     let options = HttpClientOptions::new()
         .interactive(true)

examples/upload-speed.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 use anyhow::{Error};
 
+use proxmox_backup::api2::types::Userid;
 use proxmox_backup::client::*;
 
 async fn upload_speed() -> Result<f64, Error> {
@@ -7,7 +8,7 @@ async fn upload_speed() -> Result<f64, Error> {
     let host = "localhost";
     let datastore = "store2";
 
-    let username = "root@pam";
+    let username = Userid::root_userid();
 
     let options = HttpClientOptions::new()
         .interactive(true)

src/api2/access.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use anyhow::{bail, format_err, Error};
 
 use serde_json::{json, Value};
 
-use proxmox::api::{api, RpcEnvironment, Permission, UserInformation};
+use proxmox::api::{api, RpcEnvironment, Permission};
 use proxmox::api::router::{Router, SubdirMap};
 use proxmox::{sortable, identity};
 use proxmox::{http_err, list_subdirs_api_method};
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ pub mod role;
 /// returns Ok(true) if a ticket has to be created
 /// and Ok(false) if not
 fn authenticate_user(
-    username: &str,
+    userid: &Userid,
     password: &str,
     path: Option<String>,
     privs: Option<String>,
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ fn authenticate_user(
 ) -> Result<bool, Error> {
     let user_info = CachedUserInfo::new()?;
 
-    if !user_info.is_active_user(&username) {
+    if !user_info.is_active_user(&userid) {
         bail!("user account disabled or expired.");
     }
 
@@ -39,10 +39,10 @@ fn authenticate_user(
 
     if password.starts_with("PBS:") {
         if let Ok((_age, Some(ticket_username))) = tools::ticket::verify_rsa_ticket(public_auth_key(), "PBS", password, None, -300, ticket_lifetime) {
-            if ticket_username == username {
+            if *userid == ticket_username {
                 return Ok(true);
             } else {
-                bail!("ticket login failed - wrong username");
+                bail!("ticket login failed - wrong userid");
             }
         }
     } else if password.starts_with("PBSTERM:") {
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ fn authenticate_user(
         let port = port.unwrap();
 
         if let Ok((_age, _data)) =
-            tools::ticket::verify_term_ticket(public_auth_key(), &username, &path, port, password)
+            tools::ticket::verify_term_ticket(public_auth_key(), &userid, &path, port, password)
         {
             for (name, privilege) in PRIVILEGES {
                 if *name == privilege_name {
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ fn authenticate_user(
                         }
                     }
 
-                    user_info.check_privs(username, &path_vec, *privilege, false)?;
+                    user_info.check_privs(userid, &path_vec, *privilege, false)?;
                     return Ok(false);
                 }
             }
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ fn authenticate_user(
         }
     }
 
-    let _ = crate::auth::authenticate_user(username, password)?;
+    let _ = crate::auth::authenticate_user(userid, password)?;
     Ok(true)
 }
 
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ fn authenticate_user(
     input: {
         properties: {
             username: {
-                schema: PROXMOX_USER_ID_SCHEMA,
+                type: Userid,
             },
             password: {
                 schema: PASSWORD_SCHEMA,
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ fn authenticate_user(
 ///
 /// Returns: An authentication ticket with additional infos.
 fn create_ticket(
-    username: String,
+    username: Userid,
     password: String,
     path: Option<String>,
     privs: Option<String>,
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ fn create_ticket(
     input: {
         properties: {
             userid: {
-                schema: PROXMOX_USER_ID_SCHEMA,
+                type: Userid,
             },
             password: {
                 schema: PASSWORD_SCHEMA,
@@ -183,13 +183,15 @@ fn create_ticket(
 /// Each user is allowed to change his own password. Superuser
 /// can change all passwords.
 fn change_password(
-    userid: String,
+    userid: Userid,
     password: String,
     rpcenv: &mut dyn RpcEnvironment,
 ) -> Result<Value, Error> {
 
-    let current_user = rpcenv.get_user()
+    let current_user: Userid = rpcenv
-        .ok_or_else(|| format_err!("unknown user"))?;
+        .get_user()
+        .ok_or_else(|| format_err!("unknown user"))?
+        .parse()?;
 
     let mut allowed = userid == current_user;
 
@@ -205,9 +207,8 @@ fn change_password(
         bail!("you are not authorized to change the password.");
     }
 
-    let (username, realm) = crate::auth::parse_userid(&userid)?;
+    let authenticator = crate::auth::lookup_authenticator(userid.realm())?;
-    let authenticator = crate::auth::lookup_authenticator(&realm)?;
+    authenticator.store_password(userid.name(), &password)?;
-    authenticator.store_password(&username, &password)?;
 
     Ok(Value::Null)
 }

src/api2/access/acl.rs

@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ pub fn read_acl(
             },
             userid: {
                 optional: true,
-                schema: PROXMOX_USER_ID_SCHEMA,
+                type: Userid,
             },
             group: {
                 optional: true,
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ pub fn update_acl(
     path: String,
     role: String,
     propagate: Option<bool>,
-    userid: Option<String>,
+    userid: Option<Userid>,
     group: Option<String>,
     delete: Option<bool>,
     digest: Option<String>,
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ pub fn update_acl(
     } else if let Some(ref userid) = userid {
         if !delete { // Note: we allow to delete non-existent users
             let user_cfg = crate::config::user::cached_config()?;
-            if user_cfg.sections.get(userid).is_none() {
+            if user_cfg.sections.get(&userid.to_string()).is_none() {
                 bail!("no such user.");
             }
         }

src/api2/access/user.rs

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ pub fn list_users(
     input: {
         properties: {
             userid: {
-                schema: PROXMOX_USER_ID_SCHEMA,
+                type: Userid,
             },
             comment: {
                 schema: SINGLE_LINE_COMMENT_SCHEMA,
@@ -94,19 +94,18 @@ pub fn create_user(password: Option<String>, param: Value) -> Result<(), Error>
 
     let (mut config, _digest) = user::config()?;
 
-    if let Some(_) = config.sections.get(&user.userid) {
+    if let Some(_) = config.sections.get(user.userid.as_str()) {
         bail!("user '{}' already exists.", user.userid);
     }
 
-    let (username, realm) = crate::auth::parse_userid(&user.userid)?;
+    let authenticator = crate::auth::lookup_authenticator(&user.userid.realm())?;
-    let authenticator = crate::auth::lookup_authenticator(&realm)?;
 
-    config.set_data(&user.userid, "user", &user)?;
+    config.set_data(user.userid.as_str(), "user", &user)?;
 
     user::save_config(&config)?;
 
     if let Some(password) = password {
-        authenticator.store_password(&username, &password)?;
+        authenticator.store_password(user.userid.name(), &password)?;
     }
 
     Ok(())
@@ -116,7 +115,7 @@ pub fn create_user(password: Option<String>, param: Value) -> Result<(), Error>
    input: {
         properties: {
             userid: {
-                schema: PROXMOX_USER_ID_SCHEMA,
+                type: Userid,
             },
          },
     },
@@ -129,9 +128,9 @@ pub fn create_user(password: Option<String>, param: Value) -> Result<(), Error>
     },
 )]
 /// Read user configuration data.
-pub fn read_user(userid: String, mut rpcenv: &mut dyn RpcEnvironment) -> Result<user::User, Error> {
+pub fn read_user(userid: Userid, mut rpcenv: &mut dyn RpcEnvironment) -> Result<user::User, Error> {
     let (config, digest) = user::config()?;
-    let user = config.lookup("user", &userid)?;
+    let user = config.lookup("user", userid.as_str())?;
     rpcenv["digest"] = proxmox::tools::digest_to_hex(&digest).into();
     Ok(user)
 }
@@ -141,7 +140,7 @@ pub fn read_user(userid: String, mut rpcenv: &mut dyn RpcEnvironment) -> Result<
     input: {
         properties: {
             userid: {
-                schema: PROXMOX_USER_ID_SCHEMA,
+                type: Userid,
             },
             comment: {
                 optional: true,
@@ -183,7 +182,7 @@ pub fn read_user(userid: String, mut rpcenv: &mut dyn RpcEnvironment) -> Result<
 )]
 /// Update user configuration.
 pub fn update_user(
-    userid: String,
+    userid: Userid,
     comment: Option<String>,
     enable: Option<bool>,
     expire: Option<i64>,
@@ -203,7 +202,7 @@ pub fn update_user(
         crate::tools::detect_modified_configuration_file(&digest, &expected_digest)?;
     }
 
-    let mut data: user::User = config.lookup("user", &userid)?;
+    let mut data: user::User = config.lookup("user", userid.as_str())?;
 
     if let Some(comment) = comment {
         let comment = comment.trim().to_string();
@@ -223,9 +222,8 @@ pub fn update_user(
     }
 
     if let Some(password) = password {
-        let (username, realm) = crate::auth::parse_userid(&userid)?;
+        let authenticator = crate::auth::lookup_authenticator(userid.realm())?;
-        let authenticator = crate::auth::lookup_authenticator(&realm)?;
+        authenticator.store_password(userid.name(), &password)?;
-        authenticator.store_password(&username, &password)?;
     }
 
     if let Some(firstname) = firstname {
@@ -239,7 +237,7 @@ pub fn update_user(
         data.email = if email.is_empty() { None } else { Some(email) };
     }
 
-    config.set_data(&userid, "user", &data)?;
+    config.set_data(userid.as_str(), "user", &data)?;
 
     user::save_config(&config)?;
 
@@ -251,7 +249,7 @@ pub fn update_user(
     input: {
         properties: {
             userid: {
-                schema: PROXMOX_USER_ID_SCHEMA,
+                type: Userid,
             },
             digest: {
                 optional: true,
@@ -264,7 +262,7 @@ pub fn update_user(
     },
 )]
 /// Remove a user from the configuration file.
-pub fn delete_user(userid: String, digest: Option<String>) -> Result<(), Error> {
+pub fn delete_user(userid: Userid, digest: Option<String>) -> Result<(), Error> {
 
     let _lock = open_file_locked(user::USER_CFG_LOCKFILE, std::time::Duration::new(10, 0))?;
 
@@ -275,8 +273,8 @@ pub fn delete_user(userid: String, digest: Option<String>) -> Result<(), Error>
         crate::tools::detect_modified_configuration_file(&digest, &expected_digest)?;
     }
 
-    match config.sections.get(&userid) {
+    match config.sections.get(userid.as_str()) {
-        Some(_) => { config.sections.remove(&userid); },
+        Some(_) => { config.sections.remove(userid.as_str()); },
         None => bail!("user '{}' does not exist.", userid),
     }
 

src/api2/admin/datastore.rs

@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@ use serde_json::{json, Value};
 
 use proxmox::api::{
     api, ApiResponseFuture, ApiHandler, ApiMethod, Router,
-    RpcEnvironment, RpcEnvironmentType, Permission, UserInformation};
+    RpcEnvironment, RpcEnvironmentType, Permission
+};
 use proxmox::api::router::SubdirMap;
 use proxmox::api::schema::*;
 use proxmox::tools::fs::{replace_file, CreateOptions};
@@ -36,7 +37,11 @@ use crate::config::acl::{
     PRIV_DATASTORE_BACKUP,
 };
 
-fn check_backup_owner(store: &DataStore, group: &BackupGroup, userid: &str) -> Result<(), Error> {
+fn check_backup_owner(
+    store: &DataStore,
+    group: &BackupGroup,
+    userid: &Userid,
+) -> Result<(), Error> {
     let owner = store.get_owner(group)?;
     if &owner != userid {
         bail!("backup owner check failed ({} != {})", userid, owner);
@@ -44,7 +49,10 @@ fn check_backup_owner(store: &DataStore, group: &BackupGroup, userid: &str) -> R
     Ok(())
 }
 
-fn read_backup_index(store: &DataStore, backup_dir: &BackupDir) -> Result<(BackupManifest, Vec<BackupContent>), Error> {
+fn read_backup_index(
+    store: &DataStore,
+    backup_dir: &BackupDir,
+) -> Result<(BackupManifest, Vec<BackupContent>), Error> {
 
     let (manifest, index_size) = store.load_manifest(backup_dir)?;
 
@@ -131,9 +139,9 @@ fn list_groups(
     rpcenv: &mut dyn RpcEnvironment,
 ) -> Result<Vec<GroupListItem>, Error> {
 
-    let username = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap();
+    let userid: Userid = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap().parse()?;
     let user_info = CachedUserInfo::new()?;
-    let user_privs = user_info.lookup_privs(&username, &["datastore", &store]);
+    let user_privs = user_info.lookup_privs(&userid, &["datastore", &store]);
 
     let datastore = DataStore::lookup_datastore(&store)?;
 
@@ -154,7 +162,7 @@ fn list_groups(
         let list_all = (user_privs & PRIV_DATASTORE_AUDIT) != 0;
         let owner = datastore.get_owner(group)?;
         if !list_all {
-            if owner != username { continue; }
+            if owner != userid { continue; }
         }
 
         let result_item = GroupListItem {
@@ -212,16 +220,16 @@ pub fn list_snapshot_files(
     rpcenv: &mut dyn RpcEnvironment,
 ) -> Result<Vec<BackupContent>, Error> {
 
-    let username = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap();
+    let userid: Userid = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap().parse()?;
     let user_info = CachedUserInfo::new()?;
-    let user_privs = user_info.lookup_privs(&username, &["datastore", &store]);
+    let user_privs = user_info.lookup_privs(&userid, &["datastore", &store]);
 
     let datastore = DataStore::lookup_datastore(&store)?;
 
     let snapshot = BackupDir::new(backup_type, backup_id, backup_time);
 
     let allowed = (user_privs & (PRIV_DATASTORE_AUDIT | PRIV_DATASTORE_READ)) != 0;
-    if !allowed { check_backup_owner(&datastore, snapshot.group(), &username)?; }
+    if !allowed { check_backup_owner(&datastore, snapshot.group(), &userid)?; }
 
     let info = BackupInfo::new(&datastore.base_path(), snapshot)?;
 
@@ -264,16 +272,16 @@ fn delete_snapshot(
     rpcenv: &mut dyn RpcEnvironment,
 ) -> Result<Value, Error> {
 
-    let username = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap();
+    let userid: Userid = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap().parse()?;
     let user_info = CachedUserInfo::new()?;
-    let user_privs = user_info.lookup_privs(&username, &["datastore", &store]);
+    let user_privs = user_info.lookup_privs(&userid, &["datastore", &store]);
 
     let snapshot = BackupDir::new(backup_type, backup_id, backup_time);
 
     let datastore = DataStore::lookup_datastore(&store)?;
 
     let allowed = (user_privs & PRIV_DATASTORE_MODIFY) != 0;
-    if !allowed { check_backup_owner(&datastore, snapshot.group(), &username)?; }
+    if !allowed { check_backup_owner(&datastore, snapshot.group(), &userid)?; }
 
     datastore.remove_backup_dir(&snapshot, false)?;
 
@@ -320,9 +328,9 @@ pub fn list_snapshots (
     rpcenv: &mut dyn RpcEnvironment,
 ) -> Result<Vec<SnapshotListItem>, Error> {
 
-    let username = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap();
+    let userid: Userid = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap().parse()?;
     let user_info = CachedUserInfo::new()?;
-    let user_privs = user_info.lookup_privs(&username, &["datastore", &store]);
+    let user_privs = user_info.lookup_privs(&userid, &["datastore", &store]);
 
     let datastore = DataStore::lookup_datastore(&store)?;
 
@@ -345,7 +353,7 @@ pub fn list_snapshots (
         let owner = datastore.get_owner(group)?;
 
         if !list_all {
-            if owner != username { continue; }
+            if owner != userid { continue; }
         }
 
         let mut size = None;
@@ -481,12 +489,15 @@ pub fn verify(
         _ => bail!("parameters do not spefify a backup group or snapshot"),
     }
 
-    let username = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap();
+    let userid: Userid = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap().parse()?;
     let to_stdout = if rpcenv.env_type() == RpcEnvironmentType::CLI { true } else { false };
 
     let upid_str = WorkerTask::new_thread(
-        "verify", Some(worker_id.clone()), &username, to_stdout, move |worker|
+        "verify",
-        {
+        Some(worker_id.clone()),
+        userid,
+        to_stdout,
+        move |worker| {
             let failed_dirs = if let Some(backup_dir) = backup_dir {
                 let mut verified_chunks = HashSet::with_capacity(1024*16);
                 let mut corrupt_chunks = HashSet::with_capacity(64);
@@ -508,7 +519,8 @@ pub fn verify(
                 bail!("verfication failed - please check the log for details");
             }
             Ok(())
-        })?;
+        },
+    )?;
 
     Ok(json!(upid_str))
 }
@@ -593,9 +605,9 @@ fn prune(
     let backup_type = tools::required_string_param(&param, "backup-type")?;
     let backup_id = tools::required_string_param(&param, "backup-id")?;
 
-    let username = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap();
+    let userid: Userid = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap().parse()?;
     let user_info = CachedUserInfo::new()?;
-    let user_privs = user_info.lookup_privs(&username, &["datastore", &store]);
+    let user_privs = user_info.lookup_privs(&userid, &["datastore", &store]);
 
     let dry_run = param["dry-run"].as_bool().unwrap_or(false);
 
@@ -604,7 +616,7 @@ fn prune(
     let datastore = DataStore::lookup_datastore(&store)?;
 
     let allowed = (user_privs & PRIV_DATASTORE_MODIFY) != 0;
-    if !allowed { check_backup_owner(&datastore, &group, &username)?; }
+    if !allowed { check_backup_owner(&datastore, &group, &userid)?; }
 
     let prune_options = PruneOptions {
         keep_last: param["keep-last"].as_u64(),
@@ -646,7 +658,7 @@ fn prune(
 
 
     // We use a WorkerTask just to have a task log, but run synchrounously
-    let worker = WorkerTask::new("prune", Some(worker_id), "root@pam", true)?;
+    let worker = WorkerTask::new("prune", Some(worker_id), Userid::root_userid().clone(), true)?;
 
     let result = try_block! {
         if keep_all {
@@ -728,11 +740,15 @@ fn start_garbage_collection(
     let to_stdout = if rpcenv.env_type() == RpcEnvironmentType::CLI { true } else { false };
 
     let upid_str = WorkerTask::new_thread(
-        "garbage_collection", Some(store.clone()), "root@pam", to_stdout, move |worker|
+        "garbage_collection",
-        {
+        Some(store.clone()),
+        Userid::root_userid().clone(),
+        to_stdout,
+        move |worker| {
             worker.log(format!("starting garbage collection on store {}", store));
             datastore.garbage_collection(&worker)
-        })?;
+        },
+    )?;
 
     Ok(json!(upid_str))
 }
@@ -796,13 +812,13 @@ fn get_datastore_list(
 
     let (config, _digest) = datastore::config()?;
 
-    let username = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap();
+    let userid: Userid = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap().parse()?;
     let user_info = CachedUserInfo::new()?;
 
     let mut list = Vec::new();
 
     for (store, (_, data)) in &config.sections {
-        let user_privs = user_info.lookup_privs(&username, &["datastore", &store]);
+        let user_privs = user_info.lookup_privs(&userid, &["datastore", &store]);
         let allowed = (user_privs & (PRIV_DATASTORE_AUDIT| PRIV_DATASTORE_BACKUP)) != 0;
         if allowed {
             let mut entry = json!({ "store": store });
@@ -847,9 +863,9 @@ fn download_file(
         let store = tools::required_string_param(&param, "store")?;
         let datastore = DataStore::lookup_datastore(store)?;
 
-        let username = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap();
+        let userid: Userid = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap().parse()?;
         let user_info = CachedUserInfo::new()?;
-        let user_privs = user_info.lookup_privs(&username, &["datastore", &store]);
+        let user_privs = user_info.lookup_privs(&userid, &["datastore", &store]);
 
         let file_name = tools::required_string_param(&param, "file-name")?.to_owned();
 
@@ -860,7 +876,7 @@ fn download_file(
         let backup_dir = BackupDir::new(backup_type, backup_id, backup_time);
 
         let allowed = (user_privs & PRIV_DATASTORE_READ) != 0;
-        if !allowed { check_backup_owner(&datastore, backup_dir.group(), &username)?; }
+        if !allowed { check_backup_owner(&datastore, backup_dir.group(), &userid)?; }
 
         println!("Download {} from {} ({}/{})", file_name, store, backup_dir, file_name);
 
@@ -920,9 +936,9 @@ fn download_file_decoded(
         let store = tools::required_string_param(&param, "store")?;
         let datastore = DataStore::lookup_datastore(store)?;
 
-        let username = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap();
+        let userid: Userid = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap().parse()?;
         let user_info = CachedUserInfo::new()?;
-        let user_privs = user_info.lookup_privs(&username, &["datastore", &store]);
+        let user_privs = user_info.lookup_privs(&userid, &["datastore", &store]);
 
         let file_name = tools::required_string_param(&param, "file-name")?.to_owned();
 
@@ -933,7 +949,7 @@ fn download_file_decoded(
         let backup_dir = BackupDir::new(backup_type, backup_id, backup_time);
 
         let allowed = (user_privs & PRIV_DATASTORE_READ) != 0;
-        if !allowed { check_backup_owner(&datastore, backup_dir.group(), &username)?; }
+        if !allowed { check_backup_owner(&datastore, backup_dir.group(), &userid)?; }
 
         let (_manifest, files) = read_backup_index(&datastore, &backup_dir)?;
         for file in files {
@@ -1038,8 +1054,8 @@ fn upload_backup_log(
 
         let backup_dir = BackupDir::new(backup_type, backup_id, backup_time);
 
-        let username = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap();
+        let userid: Userid = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap().parse()?;
-        check_backup_owner(&datastore, backup_dir.group(), &username)?;
+        check_backup_owner(&datastore, backup_dir.group(), &userid)?;
 
         let mut path = datastore.base_path();
         path.push(backup_dir.relative_path());
@@ -1108,14 +1124,14 @@ fn catalog(
 ) -> Result<Value, Error> {
     let datastore = DataStore::lookup_datastore(&store)?;
 
-    let username = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap();
+    let userid: Userid = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap().parse()?;
     let user_info = CachedUserInfo::new()?;
-    let user_privs = user_info.lookup_privs(&username, &["datastore", &store]);
+    let user_privs = user_info.lookup_privs(&userid, &["datastore", &store]);
 
     let backup_dir = BackupDir::new(backup_type, backup_id, backup_time);
 
     let allowed = (user_privs & PRIV_DATASTORE_READ) != 0;
-    if !allowed { check_backup_owner(&datastore, backup_dir.group(), &username)?; }
+    if !allowed { check_backup_owner(&datastore, backup_dir.group(), &userid)?; }
 
     let mut path = datastore.base_path();
     path.push(backup_dir.relative_path());
@@ -1207,9 +1223,9 @@ fn pxar_file_download(
         let store = tools::required_string_param(&param, "store")?;
         let datastore = DataStore::lookup_datastore(&store)?;
 
-        let username = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap();
+        let userid: Userid = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap().parse()?;
         let user_info = CachedUserInfo::new()?;
-        let user_privs = user_info.lookup_privs(&username, &["datastore", &store]);
+        let user_privs = user_info.lookup_privs(&userid, &["datastore", &store]);
 
         let filepath = tools::required_string_param(&param, "filepath")?.to_owned();
 
@@ -1220,7 +1236,7 @@ fn pxar_file_download(
         let backup_dir = BackupDir::new(backup_type, backup_id, backup_time);
 
         let allowed = (user_privs & PRIV_DATASTORE_READ) != 0;
-        if !allowed { check_backup_owner(&datastore, backup_dir.group(), &username)?; }
+        if !allowed { check_backup_owner(&datastore, backup_dir.group(), &userid)?; }
 
         let mut path = datastore.base_path();
         path.push(backup_dir.relative_path());
@@ -1346,14 +1362,14 @@ fn get_notes(
 ) -> Result<String, Error> {
     let datastore = DataStore::lookup_datastore(&store)?;
 
-    let username = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap();
+    let userid: Userid = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap().parse()?;
     let user_info = CachedUserInfo::new()?;
-    let user_privs = user_info.lookup_privs(&username, &["datastore", &store]);
+    let user_privs = user_info.lookup_privs(&userid, &["datastore", &store]);
 
     let backup_dir = BackupDir::new(backup_type, backup_id, backup_time);
 
     let allowed = (user_privs & PRIV_DATASTORE_READ) != 0;
-    if !allowed { check_backup_owner(&datastore, backup_dir.group(), &username)?; }
+    if !allowed { check_backup_owner(&datastore, backup_dir.group(), &userid)?; }
 
     let manifest = datastore.load_manifest_json(&backup_dir)?;
 
@@ -1399,14 +1415,14 @@ fn set_notes(
 ) -> Result<(), Error> {
     let datastore = DataStore::lookup_datastore(&store)?;
 
-    let username = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap();
+    let userid: Userid = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap().parse()?;
     let user_info = CachedUserInfo::new()?;
-    let user_privs = user_info.lookup_privs(&username, &["datastore", &store]);
+    let user_privs = user_info.lookup_privs(&userid, &["datastore", &store]);
 
     let backup_dir = BackupDir::new(backup_type, backup_id, backup_time);
 
     let allowed = (user_privs & PRIV_DATASTORE_READ) != 0;
-    if !allowed { check_backup_owner(&datastore, backup_dir.group(), &username)?; }
+    if !allowed { check_backup_owner(&datastore, backup_dir.group(), &userid)?; }
 
     let mut manifest = datastore.load_manifest_json(&backup_dir)?;
 

src/api2/admin/sync.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
 use anyhow::{Error};
 use serde_json::Value;
-use std::collections::HashMap;
 
 use proxmox::api::{api, ApiMethod, Router, RpcEnvironment};
 use proxmox::api::router::SubdirMap;
@@ -92,16 +93,23 @@ async fn run_sync_job(
     let (config, _digest) = sync::config()?;
     let sync_job: SyncJobConfig = config.lookup("sync", &id)?;
 
-    let username = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap();
+    let userid: Userid = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap().parse()?;
 
     let delete = sync_job.remove_vanished.unwrap_or(true);
     let (client, src_repo, tgt_store) = get_pull_parameters(&sync_job.store, &sync_job.remote, &sync_job.remote_store).await?;
 
-    let upid_str = WorkerTask::spawn("syncjob", Some(id.clone()), &username.clone(), false, move |worker| async move {
+    let upid_str = WorkerTask::spawn("syncjob", Some(id.clone()), userid, false, move |worker| async move {
 
         worker.log(format!("sync job '{}' start", &id));
 
-        crate::client::pull::pull_store(&worker, &client, &src_repo, tgt_store.clone(), delete, String::from("backup@pam")).await?;
+        crate::client::pull::pull_store(
+            &worker,
+            &client,
+            &src_repo,
+            tgt_store.clone(),
+            delete,
+            Userid::backup_userid().clone(),
+        ).await?;
 
         worker.log(format!("sync job '{}' end", &id));
 

src/api2/backup.rs

@@ -56,12 +56,12 @@ fn upgrade_to_backup_protocol(
 async move {
     let debug = param["debug"].as_bool().unwrap_or(false);
 
-    let username = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap();
+    let userid: Userid = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap().parse()?;
 
     let store = tools::required_string_param(&param, "store")?.to_owned();
 
     let user_info = CachedUserInfo::new()?;
-    user_info.check_privs(&username, &["datastore", &store], PRIV_DATASTORE_BACKUP, false)?;
+    user_info.check_privs(&userid, &["datastore", &store], PRIV_DATASTORE_BACKUP, false)?;
 
     let datastore = DataStore::lookup_datastore(&store)?;
 
@@ -90,11 +90,11 @@ async move {
     let backup_group = BackupGroup::new(backup_type, backup_id);
 
     // lock backup group to only allow one backup per group at a time
-    let (owner, _group_guard) = datastore.create_locked_backup_group(&backup_group, &username)?;
+    let (owner, _group_guard) = datastore.create_locked_backup_group(&backup_group, &userid)?;
 
     // permission check
-    if owner != username { // only the owner is allowed to create additional snapshots
+    if owner != userid { // only the owner is allowed to create additional snapshots
-        bail!("backup owner check failed ({} != {})", username, owner);
+        bail!("backup owner check failed ({} != {})", userid, owner);
     }
 
     let last_backup = BackupInfo::last_backup(&datastore.base_path(), &backup_group, true).unwrap_or(None);
@@ -109,9 +109,9 @@ async move {
     let (path, is_new) = datastore.create_backup_dir(&backup_dir)?;
     if !is_new { bail!("backup directory already exists."); }
 
-    WorkerTask::spawn("backup", Some(worker_id), &username.clone(), true, move |worker| {
+    WorkerTask::spawn("backup", Some(worker_id), userid.clone(), true, move |worker| {
         let mut env = BackupEnvironment::new(
-            env_type, username.clone(), worker.clone(), datastore, backup_dir);
+            env_type, userid, worker.clone(), datastore, backup_dir);
 
         env.debug = debug;
         env.last_backup = last_backup;

src/api2/backup/environment.rs

@@ -9,8 +9,9 @@ use proxmox::tools::digest_to_hex;
 use proxmox::tools::fs::{replace_file, CreateOptions};
 use proxmox::api::{RpcEnvironment, RpcEnvironmentType};
 
-use crate::server::WorkerTask;
+use crate::api2::types::Userid;
 use crate::backup::*;
+use crate::server::WorkerTask;
 use crate::server::formatter::*;
 use hyper::{Body, Response};
 
@@ -100,7 +101,7 @@ impl SharedBackupState {
 pub struct BackupEnvironment {
     env_type: RpcEnvironmentType,
     result_attributes: Value,
-    user: String,
+    user: Userid,
     pub debug: bool,
     pub formatter: &'static OutputFormatter,
     pub worker: Arc<WorkerTask>,
@@ -113,7 +114,7 @@ pub struct BackupEnvironment {
 impl BackupEnvironment {
     pub fn new(
         env_type: RpcEnvironmentType,
-        user: String,
+        user: Userid,
         worker: Arc<WorkerTask>,
         datastore: Arc<DataStore>,
         backup_dir: BackupDir,
@@ -558,7 +559,7 @@ impl RpcEnvironment for BackupEnvironment {
     }
 
     fn get_user(&self) -> Option<String> {
-        Some(self.user.clone())
+        Some(self.user.to_string())
     }
 }
 

src/api2/config/remote.rs

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ pub fn list_remotes(
                 schema: DNS_NAME_OR_IP_SCHEMA,
             },
             userid: {
-                schema: PROXMOX_USER_ID_SCHEMA,
+                type: Userid,
             },
             password: {
                 schema: remote::REMOTE_PASSWORD_SCHEMA,
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ pub enum DeletableProperty {
             },
             userid: {
                 optional: true,
-               schema: PROXMOX_USER_ID_SCHEMA,
+                type: Userid,
             },
             password: {
                 optional: true,
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ pub fn update_remote(
     name: String,
     comment: Option<String>,
     host: Option<String>,
-    userid: Option<String>,
+    userid: Option<Userid>,
     password: Option<String>,
     fingerprint: Option<String>,
     delete: Option<Vec<DeletableProperty>>,

src/api2/node.rs

@@ -90,12 +90,12 @@ async fn termproxy(
     cmd: Option<String>,
     rpcenv: &mut dyn RpcEnvironment,
 ) -> Result<Value, Error> {
-    let userid = rpcenv
+    let userid: Userid = rpcenv
         .get_user()
-        .ok_or_else(|| format_err!("unknown user"))?;
+        .ok_or_else(|| format_err!("unknown user"))?
-    let (username, realm) = crate::auth::parse_userid(&userid)?;
+        .parse()?;
 
-    if realm != "pam" {
+    if userid.realm() != "pam" {
         bail!("only pam users can use the console");
     }
 
@@ -133,10 +133,11 @@ async fn termproxy(
         _ => bail!("invalid command"),
     };
 
+    let username = userid.name().to_owned();
     let upid = WorkerTask::spawn(
         "termproxy",
         None,
-        &userid,
+        userid,
         false,
         move |worker| async move {
             // move inside the worker so that it survives and does not close the port
@@ -233,6 +234,7 @@ async fn termproxy(
         },
     )?;
 
+    // FIXME: We're returning the user NAME only?
     Ok(json!({
         "user": username,
         "ticket": ticket,
@@ -270,14 +272,14 @@ fn upgrade_to_websocket(
     rpcenv: Box<dyn RpcEnvironment>,
 ) -> ApiResponseFuture {
     async move {
-        let username = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap();
+        let userid: Userid = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap().parse()?;
         let ticket = tools::required_string_param(&param, "vncticket")?.to_owned();
         let port: u16 = tools::required_integer_param(&param, "port")? as u16;
 
         // will be checked again by termproxy
         tools::ticket::verify_term_ticket(
             crate::auth_helpers::public_auth_key(),
-            &username,
+            &userid,
             &"/system",
             port,
             &ticket,

src/api2/node/apt.rs

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use proxmox::api::router::{Router, SubdirMap};
 use crate::server::WorkerTask;
 
 use crate::config::acl::{PRIV_SYS_AUDIT, PRIV_SYS_MODIFY};
-use crate::api2::types::{APTUpdateInfo, NODE_SCHEMA, UPID_SCHEMA};
+use crate::api2::types::{APTUpdateInfo, NODE_SCHEMA, Userid, UPID_SCHEMA};
 
 const_regex! {
     VERSION_EPOCH_REGEX = r"^\d+:";
@@ -233,11 +233,11 @@ pub fn apt_update_database(
     rpcenv: &mut dyn RpcEnvironment,
 ) -> Result<String, Error> {
 
-    let username = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap();
+    let userid: Userid = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap().parse()?;
     let to_stdout = if rpcenv.env_type() == RpcEnvironmentType::CLI { true } else { false };
     let quiet = quiet.unwrap_or(API_METHOD_APT_UPDATE_DATABASE_PARAM_DEFAULT_QUIET);
 
-    let upid_str = WorkerTask::new_thread("aptupdate", None, &username.clone(), to_stdout, move |worker| {
+    let upid_str = WorkerTask::new_thread("aptupdate", None, userid, to_stdout, move |worker| {
         if !quiet { worker.log("starting apt-get update") }
 
         // TODO: set proxy /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/76pbsproxy like PVE

src/api2/node/disks.rs

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ use crate::tools::disks::{
 };
 use crate::server::WorkerTask;
 
-use crate::api2::types::{UPID_SCHEMA, NODE_SCHEMA, BLOCKDEVICE_NAME_SCHEMA};
+use crate::api2::types::{Userid, UPID_SCHEMA, NODE_SCHEMA, BLOCKDEVICE_NAME_SCHEMA};
 
 pub mod directory;
 pub mod zfs;
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ pub fn initialize_disk(
 
     let to_stdout = if rpcenv.env_type() == RpcEnvironmentType::CLI { true } else { false };
 
-    let username = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap();
+    let userid: Userid = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap().parse()?;
 
     let info = get_disk_usage_info(&disk, true)?;
 
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ pub fn initialize_disk(
     }
 
     let upid_str = WorkerTask::new_thread(
-        "diskinit", Some(disk.clone()), &username.clone(), to_stdout, move |worker|
+        "diskinit", Some(disk.clone()), userid, to_stdout, move |worker|
         {
             worker.log(format!("initialize disk {}", disk));
 

src/api2/node/disks/directory.rs

@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ pub fn create_datastore_disk(
 
     let to_stdout = if rpcenv.env_type() == RpcEnvironmentType::CLI { true } else { false };
 
-    let username = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap();
+    let userid: Userid = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap().parse()?;
 
     let info = get_disk_usage_info(&disk, true)?;
 
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ pub fn create_datastore_disk(
     }
 
     let upid_str = WorkerTask::new_thread(
-        "dircreate", Some(name.clone()), &username.clone(), to_stdout, move |worker|
+        "dircreate", Some(name.clone()), userid, to_stdout, move |worker|
         {
             worker.log(format!("create datastore '{}' on disk {}", name, disk));
 

src/api2/node/disks/zfs.rs

@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ pub fn create_zpool(
 
     let to_stdout = if rpcenv.env_type() == RpcEnvironmentType::CLI { true } else { false };
 
-    let username = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap();
+    let userid: Userid = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap().parse()?;
 
     let add_datastore = add_datastore.unwrap_or(false);
 
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ pub fn create_zpool(
     }
 
      let upid_str = WorkerTask::new_thread(
-        "zfscreate", Some(name.clone()), &username.clone(), to_stdout, move |worker|
+        "zfscreate", Some(name.clone()), userid, to_stdout, move |worker|
         {
             worker.log(format!("create {:?} zpool '{}' on devices '{}'", raidlevel, name, devices_text));
 

src/api2/node/network.rs

@@ -625,9 +625,9 @@ pub async fn reload_network_config(
 
     network::assert_ifupdown2_installed()?;
 
-    let username = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap();
+    let userid: Userid = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap().parse()?;
 
-    let upid_str = WorkerTask::spawn("srvreload", Some(String::from("networking")), &username.clone(), true, |_worker| async {
+    let upid_str = WorkerTask::spawn("srvreload", Some(String::from("networking")), userid, true, |_worker| async {
 
         let _ = std::fs::rename(network::NETWORK_INTERFACES_NEW_FILENAME, network::NETWORK_INTERFACES_FILENAME);
 

src/api2/node/tasks.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use std::io::{BufRead, BufReader};
 use anyhow::{Error};
 use serde_json::{json, Value};
 
-use proxmox::api::{api, Router, RpcEnvironment, Permission, UserInformation};
+use proxmox::api::{api, Router, RpcEnvironment, Permission};
 use proxmox::api::router::SubdirMap;
 use proxmox::{identity, list_subdirs_api_method, sortable};
 
@@ -84,11 +84,11 @@ async fn get_task_status(
 
     let upid = extract_upid(&param)?;
 
-    let username = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap();
+    let userid: Userid = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap().parse()?;
 
-    if username != upid.username {
+    if userid != upid.userid {
         let user_info = CachedUserInfo::new()?;
-        user_info.check_privs(&username, &["system", "tasks"], PRIV_SYS_AUDIT, false)?;
+        user_info.check_privs(&userid, &["system", "tasks"], PRIV_SYS_AUDIT, false)?;
     }
 
     let mut result = json!({
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ async fn get_task_status(
         "starttime": upid.starttime,
         "type": upid.worker_type,
         "id": upid.worker_id,
-        "user": upid.username,
+        "user": upid.userid,
     });
 
     if crate::server::worker_is_active(&upid).await? {
@@ -161,11 +161,11 @@ async fn read_task_log(
 
     let upid = extract_upid(&param)?;
 
-    let username = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap();
+    let userid: Userid = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap().parse()?;
 
-    if username != upid.username {
+    if userid != upid.userid {
         let user_info = CachedUserInfo::new()?;
-        user_info.check_privs(&username, &["system", "tasks"], PRIV_SYS_AUDIT, false)?;
+        user_info.check_privs(&userid, &["system", "tasks"], PRIV_SYS_AUDIT, false)?;
     }
 
     let test_status = param["test-status"].as_bool().unwrap_or(false);
@@ -234,11 +234,11 @@ fn stop_task(
 
     let upid = extract_upid(&param)?;
 
-    let username = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap();
+    let userid: Userid = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap().parse()?;
 
-    if username != upid.username {
+    if userid != upid.userid {
         let user_info = CachedUserInfo::new()?;
-        user_info.check_privs(&username, &["system", "tasks"], PRIV_SYS_MODIFY, false)?;
+        user_info.check_privs(&userid, &["system", "tasks"], PRIV_SYS_MODIFY, false)?;
     }
 
     server::abort_worker_async(upid);
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ fn stop_task(
                 default: false,
             },
             userfilter: {
-                optional:true,
+                optional: true,
                 type: String,
                 description: "Only list tasks from this user.",
             },
@@ -307,9 +307,9 @@ pub fn list_tasks(
     mut rpcenv: &mut dyn RpcEnvironment,
 ) -> Result<Vec<TaskListItem>, Error> {
 
-    let username = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap();
+    let userid: Userid = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap().parse()?;
     let user_info = CachedUserInfo::new()?;
-    let user_privs = user_info.lookup_privs(&username, &["system", "tasks"]);
+    let user_privs = user_info.lookup_privs(&userid, &["system", "tasks"]);
 
     let list_all = (user_privs & PRIV_SYS_AUDIT) != 0;
 
@@ -324,11 +324,11 @@ pub fn list_tasks(
     let mut count = 0;
 
     for info in list {
-        if !list_all && info.upid.username != username { continue; }
+        if !list_all && info.upid.userid != userid { continue; }
 
 
-        if let Some(username) = userfilter {
+        if let Some(userid) = userfilter {
-            if !info.upid.username.contains(username) { continue; }
+            if !info.upid.userid.as_str().contains(userid) { continue; }
         }
 
         if let Some(store) = store {

src/api2/pull.rs

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ use crate::config::{
 
 
 pub fn check_pull_privs(
-    username: &str,
+    userid: &Userid,
     store: &str,
     remote: &str,
     remote_store: &str,
@@ -27,11 +27,11 @@ pub fn check_pull_privs(
 
     let user_info = CachedUserInfo::new()?;
 
-    user_info.check_privs(username, &["datastore", store], PRIV_DATASTORE_BACKUP, false)?;
+    user_info.check_privs(userid, &["datastore", store], PRIV_DATASTORE_BACKUP, false)?;
-    user_info.check_privs(username, &["remote", remote, remote_store], PRIV_REMOTE_READ, false)?;
+    user_info.check_privs(userid, &["remote", remote, remote_store], PRIV_REMOTE_READ, false)?;
 
     if delete {
-        user_info.check_privs(username, &["datastore", store], PRIV_DATASTORE_PRUNE, false)?;
+        user_info.check_privs(userid, &["datastore", store], PRIV_DATASTORE_PRUNE, false)?;
     }
 
     Ok(())
@@ -99,19 +99,19 @@ async fn pull (
     rpcenv: &mut dyn RpcEnvironment,
 ) -> Result<String, Error> {
 
-    let username = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap();
+    let userid: Userid = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap().parse()?;
     let delete = remove_vanished.unwrap_or(true);
 
-    check_pull_privs(&username, &store, &remote, &remote_store, delete)?;
+    check_pull_privs(&userid, &store, &remote, &remote_store, delete)?;
 
     let (client, src_repo, tgt_store) = get_pull_parameters(&store, &remote, &remote_store).await?;
 
     // fixme: set to_stdout to false?
-    let upid_str = WorkerTask::spawn("sync", Some(store.clone()), &username.clone(), true, move |worker| async move {
+    let upid_str = WorkerTask::spawn("sync", Some(store.clone()), userid.clone(), true, move |worker| async move {
 
         worker.log(format!("sync datastore '{}' start", store));
 
-        pull_store(&worker, &client, &src_repo, tgt_store.clone(), delete, username).await?;
+        pull_store(&worker, &client, &src_repo, tgt_store.clone(), delete, userid).await?;
 
         worker.log(format!("sync datastore '{}' end", store));
 

src/api2/reader.rs

@@ -55,11 +55,11 @@ fn upgrade_to_backup_reader_protocol(
     async move {
         let debug = param["debug"].as_bool().unwrap_or(false);
 
-        let username = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap();
+        let userid: Userid = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap().parse()?;
         let store = tools::required_string_param(&param, "store")?.to_owned();
 
         let user_info = CachedUserInfo::new()?;
-        user_info.check_privs(&username, &["datastore", &store], PRIV_DATASTORE_READ, false)?;
+        user_info.check_privs(&userid, &["datastore", &store], PRIV_DATASTORE_READ, false)?;
 
         let datastore = DataStore::lookup_datastore(&store)?;
 
@@ -90,9 +90,14 @@ fn upgrade_to_backup_reader_protocol(
 
         let worker_id = format!("{}_{}_{}_{:08X}", store, backup_type, backup_id, backup_dir.backup_time().timestamp());
 
-        WorkerTask::spawn("reader", Some(worker_id), &username.clone(), true, move |worker| {
+        WorkerTask::spawn("reader", Some(worker_id), userid.clone(), true, move |worker| {
             let mut env = ReaderEnvironment::new(
-                env_type, username.clone(), worker.clone(), datastore, backup_dir);
+                env_type,
+                userid,
+                worker.clone(),
+                datastore,
+                backup_dir,
+            );
 
             env.debug = debug;
 

src/api2/reader/environment.rs

@@ -5,9 +5,10 @@ use serde_json::{json, Value};
 
 use proxmox::api::{RpcEnvironment, RpcEnvironmentType};
 
-use crate::server::WorkerTask;
+use crate::api2::types::Userid;
 use crate::backup::*;
 use crate::server::formatter::*;
+use crate::server::WorkerTask;
 
 //use proxmox::tools;
 
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ use crate::server::formatter::*;
 pub struct ReaderEnvironment {
     env_type: RpcEnvironmentType,
     result_attributes: Value,
-    user: String,
+    user: Userid,
     pub debug: bool,
     pub formatter: &'static OutputFormatter,
     pub worker: Arc<WorkerTask>,
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ pub struct ReaderEnvironment {
 impl ReaderEnvironment {
     pub fn new(
         env_type: RpcEnvironmentType,
-        user: String,
+        user: Userid,
         worker: Arc<WorkerTask>,
         datastore: Arc<DataStore>,
         backup_dir: BackupDir,
@@ -77,7 +78,7 @@ impl RpcEnvironment for ReaderEnvironment {
     }
 
     fn get_user(&self) -> Option<String> {
-        Some(self.user.clone())
+        Some(self.user.to_string())
     }
 }
 

src/api2/status.rs

@@ -10,14 +10,14 @@ use proxmox::api::{
     Router,
     RpcEnvironment,
     SubdirMap,
-    UserInformation,
 };
 
 use crate::api2::types::{
     DATASTORE_SCHEMA,
     RRDMode,
     RRDTimeFrameResolution,
-    TaskListItem
+    TaskListItem,
+    Userid,
 };
 
 use crate::server;
@@ -84,13 +84,13 @@ fn datastore_status(
 
     let (config, _digest) = datastore::config()?;
 
-    let username = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap();
+    let userid: Userid = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap().parse()?;
     let user_info = CachedUserInfo::new()?;
 
     let mut list = Vec::new();
 
     for (store, (_, _)) in &config.sections {
-        let user_privs = user_info.lookup_privs(&username, &["datastore", &store]);
+        let user_privs = user_info.lookup_privs(&userid, &["datastore", &store]);
         let allowed = (user_privs & (PRIV_DATASTORE_AUDIT| PRIV_DATASTORE_BACKUP)) != 0;
         if !allowed {
             continue;
@@ -202,9 +202,9 @@ pub fn list_tasks(
     rpcenv: &mut dyn RpcEnvironment,
 ) -> Result<Vec<TaskListItem>, Error> {
 
-    let username = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap();
+    let userid: Userid = rpcenv.get_user().unwrap().parse()?;
     let user_info = CachedUserInfo::new()?;
-    let user_privs = user_info.lookup_privs(&username, &["system", "tasks"]);
+    let user_privs = user_info.lookup_privs(&userid, &["system", "tasks"]);
 
     let list_all = (user_privs & PRIV_SYS_AUDIT) != 0;
 
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ pub fn list_tasks(
     let list: Vec<TaskListItem> = server::read_task_list()?
         .into_iter()
         .map(TaskListItem::from)
-        .filter(|entry| list_all || entry.user == username)
+        .filter(|entry| list_all || entry.user == userid)
         .collect();
 
     Ok(list.into())

src/api2/types/macros.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+//! Macros exported from api2::types.
+
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! PROXMOX_SAFE_ID_REGEX_STR {  () => (r"(?:[A-Za-z0-9_][A-Za-z0-9._\-]*)") }

src/api2/types/mod.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-use anyhow::{bail};
+use anyhow::bail;
-use ::serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
 use proxmox::api::{api, schema::*};
 use proxmox::const_regex;
@@ -7,6 +7,16 @@ use proxmox::{IPRE, IPV4RE, IPV6RE, IPV4OCTET, IPV6H16, IPV6LS32};
 
 use crate::backup::CryptMode;
 
+#[macro_use]
+mod macros;
+
+#[macro_use]
+mod userid;
+pub use userid::{Realm, RealmRef};
+pub use userid::{Username, UsernameRef};
+pub use userid::Userid;
+pub use userid::PROXMOX_GROUP_ID_SCHEMA;
+
 // File names: may not contain slashes, may not start with "."
 pub const FILENAME_FORMAT: ApiStringFormat = ApiStringFormat::VerifyFn(|name| {
     if name.starts_with('.') {
@@ -21,19 +31,6 @@ pub const FILENAME_FORMAT: ApiStringFormat = ApiStringFormat::VerifyFn(|name| {
 macro_rules! DNS_LABEL { () => (r"(?:[a-zA-Z0-9](?:[a-zA-Z0-9\-]*[a-zA-Z0-9])?)") }
 macro_rules! DNS_NAME { () => (concat!(r"(?:", DNS_LABEL!() , r"\.)*", DNS_LABEL!())) }
 
-// we only allow a limited set of characters
-// colon is not allowed, because we store usernames in
-// colon separated lists)!
-// slash is not allowed because it is used as pve API delimiter
-// also see "man useradd"
-macro_rules! USER_NAME_REGEX_STR { () => (r"(?:[^\s:/[:cntrl:]]+)") }
-macro_rules! GROUP_NAME_REGEX_STR { () => (USER_NAME_REGEX_STR!()) }
-
-macro_rules! USER_ID_REGEX_STR { () => (concat!(USER_NAME_REGEX_STR!(), r"@", PROXMOX_SAFE_ID_REGEX_STR!())) }
-
-#[macro_export]
-macro_rules! PROXMOX_SAFE_ID_REGEX_STR {  () => (r"(?:[A-Za-z0-9_][A-Za-z0-9._\-]*)") }
-
 macro_rules! CIDR_V4_REGEX_STR { () => (concat!(r"(?:", IPV4RE!(), r"/\d{1,2})$")) }
 macro_rules! CIDR_V6_REGEX_STR { () => (concat!(r"(?:", IPV6RE!(), r"/\d{1,3})$")) }
 
@@ -67,12 +64,8 @@ const_regex!{
 
     pub DNS_NAME_OR_IP_REGEX = concat!(r"^", DNS_NAME!(), "|",  IPRE!(), r"$");
 
-    pub PROXMOX_USER_ID_REGEX = concat!(r"^",  USER_ID_REGEX_STR!(), r"$");
-
     pub BACKUP_REPO_URL_REGEX = concat!(r"^^(?:(?:(", USER_ID_REGEX_STR!(), ")@)?(", DNS_NAME!(), "|",  IPRE!() ,"):)?(", PROXMOX_SAFE_ID_REGEX_STR!(), r")$");
 
-    pub PROXMOX_GROUP_ID_REGEX = concat!(r"^",  GROUP_NAME_REGEX_STR!(), r"$");
-
     pub CERT_FINGERPRINT_SHA256_REGEX = r"^(?:[0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F])(?::[0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F]){31}$";
 
     pub ACL_PATH_REGEX = concat!(r"^(?:/|", r"(?:/", PROXMOX_SAFE_ID_REGEX_STR!(), ")+", r")$");
@@ -115,12 +108,6 @@ pub const DNS_NAME_FORMAT: ApiStringFormat =
 pub const DNS_NAME_OR_IP_FORMAT: ApiStringFormat =
     ApiStringFormat::Pattern(&DNS_NAME_OR_IP_REGEX);
 
-pub const PROXMOX_USER_ID_FORMAT: ApiStringFormat =
-    ApiStringFormat::Pattern(&PROXMOX_USER_ID_REGEX);
-
-pub const PROXMOX_GROUP_ID_FORMAT: ApiStringFormat =
-    ApiStringFormat::Pattern(&PROXMOX_GROUP_ID_REGEX);
-
 pub const PASSWORD_FORMAT: ApiStringFormat =
     ApiStringFormat::Pattern(&PASSWORD_REGEX);
 
@@ -343,24 +330,6 @@ pub const DNS_NAME_OR_IP_SCHEMA: Schema = StringSchema::new("DNS name or IP addr
     .format(&DNS_NAME_OR_IP_FORMAT)
     .schema();
 
-pub const PROXMOX_AUTH_REALM_SCHEMA: Schema = StringSchema::new("Authentication domain ID")
-    .format(&PROXMOX_SAFE_ID_FORMAT)
-    .min_length(3)
-    .max_length(32)
-    .schema();
-
-pub const PROXMOX_USER_ID_SCHEMA: Schema = StringSchema::new("User ID")
-    .format(&PROXMOX_USER_ID_FORMAT)
-    .min_length(3)
-    .max_length(64)
-    .schema();
-
-pub const PROXMOX_GROUP_ID_SCHEMA: Schema = StringSchema::new("Group ID")
-    .format(&PROXMOX_GROUP_ID_FORMAT)
-    .min_length(3)
-    .max_length(64)
-    .schema();
-
 pub const BLOCKDEVICE_NAME_SCHEMA: Schema = StringSchema::new("Block device name (/sys/block/<name>).")
     .format(&BLOCKDEVICE_NAME_FORMAT)
     .min_length(3)
@@ -388,6 +357,10 @@ pub const BLOCKDEVICE_NAME_SCHEMA: Schema = StringSchema::new("Block device name
                 schema: BACKUP_ARCHIVE_NAME_SCHEMA
             },
         },
+        owner: {
+            type: Userid,
+            optional: true,
+        },
     },
 )]
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
@@ -403,7 +376,7 @@ pub struct GroupListItem {
     pub files: Vec<String>,
     /// The owner of group
     #[serde(skip_serializing_if="Option::is_none")]
-    pub owner: Option<String>,
+    pub owner: Option<Userid>,
 }
 
 #[api(
@@ -422,6 +395,10 @@ pub struct GroupListItem {
                 schema: BACKUP_ARCHIVE_NAME_SCHEMA
             },
         },
+        owner: {
+            type: Userid,
+            optional: true,
+        },
     },
 )]
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
@@ -441,7 +418,7 @@ pub struct SnapshotListItem {
     pub size: Option<u64>,
     /// The owner of the snapshots group
     #[serde(skip_serializing_if="Option::is_none")]
-    pub owner: Option<String>,
+    pub owner: Option<Userid>,
 }
 
 #[api(
@@ -584,7 +561,8 @@ pub struct StorageStatus {
 
 #[api(
     properties: {
-        "upid": { schema: UPID_SCHEMA },
+        upid: { schema: UPID_SCHEMA },
+        user: { type: Userid },
     },
 )]
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
@@ -604,7 +582,7 @@ pub struct TaskListItem {
     /// Worker ID (arbitrary ASCII string)
     pub worker_id: Option<String>,
     /// The user who started the task
-    pub user: String,
+    pub user: Userid,
     /// The task end time (Epoch)
     #[serde(skip_serializing_if="Option::is_none")]
     pub endtime: Option<i64>,
@@ -627,7 +605,7 @@ impl From<crate::server::TaskListInfo> for TaskListItem {
             starttime: info.upid.starttime,
             worker_type: info.upid.worker_type,
             worker_id: info.upid.worker_id,
-            user: info.upid.username,
+            user: info.upid.userid,
             endtime,
             status,
         }
@@ -893,9 +871,6 @@ fn test_cert_fingerprint_schema() -> Result<(), anyhow::Error> {
 
 #[test]
 fn test_proxmox_user_id_schema() -> Result<(), anyhow::Error> {
-
-    let schema = PROXMOX_USER_ID_SCHEMA;
-
     let invalid_user_ids = [
         "x", // too short
         "xx", // too short
@@ -909,7 +884,7 @@ fn test_proxmox_user_id_schema() -> Result<(), anyhow::Error> {
     ];
 
     for name in invalid_user_ids.iter() {
-        if let Ok(_) = parse_simple_value(name, &schema) {
+        if let Ok(_) = parse_simple_value(name, &Userid::API_SCHEMA) {
             bail!("test userid '{}' failed -  got Ok() while exception an error.", name);
         }
     }
@@ -923,7 +898,7 @@ fn test_proxmox_user_id_schema() -> Result<(), anyhow::Error> {
     ];
 
     for name in valid_user_ids.iter() {
-        let v = match parse_simple_value(name, &schema) {
+        let v = match parse_simple_value(name, &Userid::API_SCHEMA) {
             Ok(v) => v,
             Err(err) => {
                 bail!("unable to parse userid '{}' - {}", name, err);

src/api2/types/userid.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,376 @@
+//! Types for user handling.
+//!
+//! We have [`Username`]s and [`Realm`]s. To uniquely identify a user, they must be combined into a [`Userid`].
+//!
+//! Since they're all string types, they're organized as follows:
+//!
+//! * [`Username`]: an owned user name. Internally a `String`.
+//! * [`UsernameRef`]: a borrowed user name. Pairs with a `Username` the same way a `str` pairs
+//!   with `String`, meaning you can only make references to it.
+//! * [`Realm`]: an owned realm (`String` equivalent).
+//! * [`RealmRef`]: a borrowed realm (`str` equivalent).
+//! * [`Userid`]: an owned user id (`"user@realm"`). Note that this does not have a separte
+//!   borrowed type.
+//!
+//! Note that `Username`s are not unique, therefore they do not implement `Eq` and cannot be
+//! compared directly. If a direct comparison is really required, they can be compared as strings
+//! via the `as_str()` method. [`Realm`]s and [`Userid`]s on the other hand can be compared with
+//! each other, as in those two cases the comparison has meaning.
+
+use std::borrow::Borrow;
+use std::convert::TryFrom;
+use std::fmt;
+
+use anyhow::{bail, format_err, Error};
+use lazy_static::lazy_static;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+use proxmox::api::api;
+use proxmox::api::schema::{ApiStringFormat, Schema, StringSchema};
+use proxmox::const_regex;
+
+// we only allow a limited set of characters
+// colon is not allowed, because we store usernames in
+// colon separated lists)!
+// slash is not allowed because it is used as pve API delimiter
+// also see "man useradd"
+macro_rules! USER_NAME_REGEX_STR { () => (r"(?:[^\s:/[:cntrl:]]+)") }
+macro_rules! GROUP_NAME_REGEX_STR { () => (USER_NAME_REGEX_STR!()) }
+macro_rules! USER_ID_REGEX_STR { () => (concat!(USER_NAME_REGEX_STR!(), r"@", PROXMOX_SAFE_ID_REGEX_STR!())) }
+
+const_regex! {
+    pub PROXMOX_USER_NAME_REGEX = concat!(r"^",  USER_NAME_REGEX_STR!(), r"$");
+    pub PROXMOX_USER_ID_REGEX = concat!(r"^",  USER_ID_REGEX_STR!(), r"$");
+    pub PROXMOX_GROUP_ID_REGEX = concat!(r"^",  GROUP_NAME_REGEX_STR!(), r"$");
+}
+
+pub const PROXMOX_USER_NAME_FORMAT: ApiStringFormat =
+    ApiStringFormat::Pattern(&PROXMOX_USER_NAME_REGEX);
+
+pub const PROXMOX_USER_ID_FORMAT: ApiStringFormat =
+    ApiStringFormat::Pattern(&PROXMOX_USER_ID_REGEX);
+
+pub const PROXMOX_GROUP_ID_FORMAT: ApiStringFormat =
+    ApiStringFormat::Pattern(&PROXMOX_GROUP_ID_REGEX);
+
+pub const PROXMOX_GROUP_ID_SCHEMA: Schema = StringSchema::new("Group ID")
+    .format(&PROXMOX_GROUP_ID_FORMAT)
+    .min_length(3)
+    .max_length(64)
+    .schema();
+
+pub const PROXMOX_AUTH_REALM_STRING_SCHEMA: StringSchema =
+    StringSchema::new("Authentication domain ID")
+        .format(&super::PROXMOX_SAFE_ID_FORMAT)
+        .min_length(3)
+        .max_length(32);
+pub const PROXMOX_AUTH_REALM_SCHEMA: Schema = PROXMOX_AUTH_REALM_STRING_SCHEMA.schema();
+
+
+#[api(
+    type: String,
+    format: &PROXMOX_USER_NAME_FORMAT,
+)]
+/// The user name part of a user id.
+///
+/// This alone does NOT uniquely identify the user and therefore does not implement `Eq`. In order
+/// to compare user names directly, they need to be explicitly compared as strings by calling
+/// `.as_str()`.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Hash, Deserialize, Serialize)]
+pub struct Username(String);
+
+/// A reference to a user name part of a user id. This alone does NOT uniquely identify the user.
+///
+/// This is like a `str` to the `String` of a [`Username`].
+#[derive(Debug, Hash)]
+pub struct UsernameRef(str);
+
+impl UsernameRef {
+    fn new(s: &str) -> &Self {
+        unsafe { &*(s as *const str as *const UsernameRef) }
+    }
+
+    pub fn as_str(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.0
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::ops::Deref for Username {
+    type Target = UsernameRef;
+
+    fn deref(&self) -> &UsernameRef {
+        self.borrow()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Borrow<UsernameRef> for Username {
+    fn borrow(&self) -> &UsernameRef {
+        UsernameRef::new(self.as_str())
+    }
+}
+
+impl AsRef<UsernameRef> for Username {
+    fn as_ref(&self) -> &UsernameRef {
+        UsernameRef::new(self.as_str())
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToOwned for UsernameRef {
+    type Owned = Username;
+
+    fn to_owned(&self) -> Self::Owned {
+        Username(self.0.to_owned())
+    }
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<String> for Username {
+    type Error = Error;
+
+    fn try_from(s: String) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+        if !PROXMOX_USER_NAME_REGEX.is_match(&s) {
+            bail!("invalid user name");
+        }
+
+        Ok(Self(s))
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a str> for &'a UsernameRef {
+    type Error = Error;
+
+    fn try_from(s: &'a str) -> Result<&'a UsernameRef, Error> {
+        if !PROXMOX_USER_NAME_REGEX.is_match(s) {
+            bail!("invalid name in user id");
+        }
+
+        Ok(UsernameRef::new(s))
+    }
+}
+
+#[api(schema: PROXMOX_AUTH_REALM_SCHEMA)]
+/// An authentication realm.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq, Hash, Deserialize, Serialize)]
+pub struct Realm(String);
+
+/// A reference to an authentication realm.
+///
+/// This is like a `str` to the `String` of a `Realm`.
+#[derive(Debug, Hash, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub struct RealmRef(str);
+
+impl RealmRef {
+    fn new(s: &str) -> &Self {
+        unsafe { &*(s as *const str as *const RealmRef) }
+    }
+
+    pub fn as_str(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.0
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::ops::Deref for Realm {
+    type Target = RealmRef;
+
+    fn deref(&self) -> &RealmRef {
+        self.borrow()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Borrow<RealmRef> for Realm {
+    fn borrow(&self) -> &RealmRef {
+        RealmRef::new(self.as_str())
+    }
+}
+
+impl AsRef<RealmRef> for Realm {
+    fn as_ref(&self) -> &RealmRef {
+        RealmRef::new(self.as_str())
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToOwned for RealmRef {
+    type Owned = Realm;
+
+    fn to_owned(&self) -> Self::Owned {
+        Realm(self.0.to_owned())
+    }
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<String> for Realm {
+    type Error = Error;
+
+    fn try_from(s: String) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+        PROXMOX_AUTH_REALM_STRING_SCHEMA.check_constraints(&s)
+            .map_err(|_| format_err!("invalid realm"))?;
+
+        Ok(Self(s))
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a str> for &'a RealmRef {
+    type Error = Error;
+
+    fn try_from(s: &'a str) -> Result<&'a RealmRef, Error> {
+        PROXMOX_AUTH_REALM_STRING_SCHEMA.check_constraints(s)
+            .map_err(|_| format_err!("invalid realm"))?;
+
+        Ok(RealmRef::new(s))
+    }
+}
+
+impl PartialEq<str> for Realm {
+    fn eq(&self, rhs: &str) -> bool {
+        self.0 == rhs
+    }
+}
+
+impl PartialEq<&str> for Realm {
+    fn eq(&self, rhs: &&str) -> bool {
+        self.0 == *rhs
+    }
+}
+
+impl PartialEq<str> for RealmRef {
+    fn eq(&self, rhs: &str) -> bool {
+        self.0 == *rhs
+    }
+}
+
+impl PartialEq<&str> for RealmRef {
+    fn eq(&self, rhs: &&str) -> bool {
+        self.0 == **rhs
+    }
+}
+
+/// A complete user id consting of a user name and a realm.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Hash)]
+pub struct Userid {
+    data: String,
+    name_len: usize,
+    //name: Username,
+    //realm: Realm,
+}
+
+impl Userid {
+    pub const API_SCHEMA: Schema = StringSchema::new("User ID")
+        .format(&PROXMOX_USER_ID_FORMAT)
+        .min_length(3)
+        .max_length(64)
+        .schema();
+
+    const fn new(data: String, name_len: usize) -> Self {
+        Self { data, name_len }
+    }
+
+    pub fn name(&self) -> &UsernameRef {
+        UsernameRef::new(&self.data[..self.name_len])
+    }
+
+    pub fn realm(&self) -> &RealmRef {
+        RealmRef::new(&self.data[(self.name_len + 1)..])
+    }
+
+    pub fn as_str(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.data
+    }
+
+    /// Get the "backup@pam" user id.
+    pub fn backup_userid() -> &'static Self {
+        &*BACKUP_USERID
+    }
+
+    /// Get the "root@pam" user id.
+    pub fn root_userid() -> &'static Self {
+        &*ROOT_USERID
+    }
+}
+
+lazy_static! {
+    pub static ref BACKUP_USERID: Userid = Userid::new("backup@pam".to_string(), 6);
+    pub static ref ROOT_USERID: Userid = Userid::new("root@pam".to_string(), 4);
+}
+
+impl Eq for Userid {}
+
+impl PartialEq for Userid {
+    fn eq(&self, rhs: &Self) -> bool {
+        self.data == rhs.data && self.name_len == rhs.name_len
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<(Username, Realm)> for Userid {
+    fn from(parts: (Username, Realm)) -> Self {
+        Self::from((parts.0.as_ref(), parts.1.as_ref()))
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<(&UsernameRef, &RealmRef)> for Userid {
+    fn from(parts: (&UsernameRef, &RealmRef)) -> Self {
+        let data = format!("{}@{}", parts.0.as_str(), parts.1.as_str());
+        let name_len = parts.0.as_str().len();
+        Self { data, name_len }
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for Userid {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        self.data.fmt(f)
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::str::FromStr for Userid {
+    type Err = Error;
+
+    fn from_str(id: &str) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+        let (name, realm) = match id.as_bytes().iter().rposition(|&b| b == b'@') {
+            Some(pos) => (&id[..pos], &id[(pos + 1)..]),
+            None => bail!("not a valid user id"),
+        };
+
+        PROXMOX_AUTH_REALM_STRING_SCHEMA.check_constraints(realm)
+            .map_err(|_| format_err!("invalid realm in user id"))?;
+
+        Ok(Self::from((UsernameRef::new(name), RealmRef::new(realm))))
+    }
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<String> for Userid {
+    type Error = Error;
+
+    fn try_from(data: String) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+        let name_len = data
+            .as_bytes()
+            .iter()
+            .rposition(|&b| b == b'@')
+            .ok_or_else(|| format_err!("not a valid user id"))?;
+
+        PROXMOX_AUTH_REALM_STRING_SCHEMA.check_constraints(&data[(name_len + 1)..])
+            .map_err(|_| format_err!("invalid realm in user id"))?;
+
+        Ok(Self { data, name_len })
+    }
+}
+
+impl PartialEq<str> for Userid {
+    fn eq(&self, rhs: &str) -> bool {
+        rhs.len() > self.name_len + 2 // make sure range access below is allowed
+        && rhs.starts_with(self.name().as_str())
+        && rhs.as_bytes()[self.name_len] == b'@'
+        && &rhs[(self.name_len + 1)..] == self.realm().as_str()
+    }
+}
+
+impl PartialEq<&str> for Userid {
+    fn eq(&self, rhs: &&str) -> bool {
+        *self == **rhs
+    }
+}
+
+impl PartialEq<String> for Userid {
+    fn eq(&self, rhs: &String) -> bool {
+        self == rhs.as_str()
+    }
+}
+
+proxmox::forward_deserialize_to_from_str!(Userid);
+proxmox::forward_serialize_to_display!(Userid);

src/auth.rs

@@ -10,39 +10,54 @@ use base64;
 use anyhow::{bail, format_err, Error};
 use serde_json::json;
 
+use crate::api2::types::{Userid, UsernameRef, RealmRef};
+
 pub trait ProxmoxAuthenticator {
-    fn authenticate_user(&self, username: &str, password: &str) -> Result<(), Error>;
+    fn authenticate_user(&self, username: &UsernameRef, password: &str) -> Result<(), Error>;
-    fn store_password(&self, username: &str, password: &str) -> Result<(), Error>;
+    fn store_password(&self, username: &UsernameRef, password: &str) -> Result<(), Error>;
 }
 
 pub struct PAM();
 
 impl ProxmoxAuthenticator for PAM {
 
-    fn authenticate_user(&self, username: &str, password: &str) -> Result<(), Error> {
+    fn authenticate_user(&self, username: &UsernameRef, password: &str) -> Result<(), Error> {
         let mut auth = pam::Authenticator::with_password("proxmox-backup-auth").unwrap();
-        auth.get_handler().set_credentials(username, password);
+        auth.get_handler().set_credentials(username.as_str(), password);
         auth.authenticate()?;
         return Ok(());
 
     }
 
-    fn store_password(&self, username: &str, password: &str) -> Result<(), Error> {
+    fn store_password(&self, username: &UsernameRef, password: &str) -> Result<(), Error> {
         let mut child = Command::new("passwd")
-            .arg(username)
+            .arg(username.as_str())
             .stdin(Stdio::piped())
             .stderr(Stdio::piped())
             .spawn()
-            .or_else(|err| Err(format_err!("unable to set password for '{}' - execute passwd failed: {}", username, err)))?;
+            .map_err(|err| format_err!(
+                "unable to set password for '{}' - execute passwd failed: {}",
+                username.as_str(),
+                err,
+            ))?;
 
         // Note: passwd reads password twice from stdin (for verify)
         writeln!(child.stdin.as_mut().unwrap(), "{}\n{}", password, password)?;
 
-        let output = child.wait_with_output()
+        let output = child
-            .or_else(|err| Err(format_err!("unable to set password for '{}' - wait failed: {}", username, err)))?;
+            .wait_with_output()
+            .map_err(|err| format_err!(
+                "unable to set password for '{}' - wait failed: {}",
+                username.as_str(),
+                err,
+            ))?;
 
         if !output.status.success() {
-            bail!("unable to set password for '{}' - {}", username, String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr));
+            bail!(
+                "unable to set password for '{}' - {}",
+                username.as_str(),
+                String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr),
+            );
         }
 
         Ok(())
@@ -90,23 +105,23 @@ pub fn verify_crypt_pw(password: &str, enc_password: &str) -> Result<(), Error>
     Ok(())
 }
 
-const SHADOW_CONFIG_FILENAME: &str = "/etc/proxmox-backup/shadow.json";
+const SHADOW_CONFIG_FILENAME: &str = configdir!("/shadow.json");
 
 impl ProxmoxAuthenticator for PBS {
 
-    fn authenticate_user(&self, username: &str, password: &str) -> Result<(), Error> {
+    fn authenticate_user(&self, username: &UsernameRef, password: &str) -> Result<(), Error> {
         let data = proxmox::tools::fs::file_get_json(SHADOW_CONFIG_FILENAME, Some(json!({})))?;
-        match data[username].as_str() {
+        match data[username.as_str()].as_str() {
             None => bail!("no password set"),
             Some(enc_password) => verify_crypt_pw(password, enc_password)?,
         }
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn store_password(&self, username: &str, password: &str) -> Result<(), Error> {
+    fn store_password(&self, username: &UsernameRef, password: &str) -> Result<(), Error> {
         let enc_password = encrypt_pw(password)?;
         let mut data = proxmox::tools::fs::file_get_json(SHADOW_CONFIG_FILENAME, Some(json!({})))?;
-        data[username] = enc_password.into();
+        data[username.as_str()] = enc_password.into();
 
         let mode = nix::sys::stat::Mode::from_bits_truncate(0o0600);
         let options =  proxmox::tools::fs::CreateOptions::new()
@@ -121,28 +136,18 @@ impl ProxmoxAuthenticator for PBS {
     }
 }
 
-pub fn parse_userid(userid: &str) -> Result<(String, String), Error> {
-    let data: Vec<&str> = userid.rsplitn(2, '@').collect();
-
-    if data.len() != 2 {
-        bail!("userid '{}' has no realm", userid);
-    }
-    Ok((data[1].to_owned(), data[0].to_owned()))
-}
-
 /// Lookup the autenticator for the specified realm
-pub fn lookup_authenticator(realm: &str) -> Result<Box<dyn ProxmoxAuthenticator>, Error> {
+pub fn lookup_authenticator(realm: &RealmRef) -> Result<Box<dyn ProxmoxAuthenticator>, Error> {
-    match realm {
+    match realm.as_str() {
         "pam" => Ok(Box::new(PAM())),
         "pbs" => Ok(Box::new(PBS())),
-        _ => bail!("unknown realm '{}'", realm),
+        _ => bail!("unknown realm '{}'", realm.as_str()),
     }
 }
 
 /// Authenticate users
-pub fn authenticate_user(userid: &str, password: &str) -> Result<(), Error> {
+pub fn authenticate_user(userid: &Userid, password: &str) -> Result<(), Error> {
-    let (username, realm) = parse_userid(userid)?;
 
-    lookup_authenticator(&realm)?
+    lookup_authenticator(userid.realm())?
-    .authenticate_user(&username, password)
+        .authenticate_user(userid.name(), password)
 }

src/auth_helpers.rs

@@ -10,16 +10,17 @@ use std::path::PathBuf;
 use proxmox::tools::fs::{file_get_contents, replace_file, CreateOptions};
 use proxmox::try_block;
 
+use crate::api2::types::Userid;
 use crate::tools::epoch_now_u64;
 
 fn compute_csrf_secret_digest(
     timestamp: i64,
     secret: &[u8],
-    username: &str,
+    userid: &Userid,
 ) -> String {
 
     let mut hasher = sha::Sha256::new();
-    let data = format!("{:08X}:{}:", timestamp, username);
+    let data = format!("{:08X}:{}:", timestamp, userid);
     hasher.update(data.as_bytes());
     hasher.update(secret);
 
@@ -28,19 +29,19 @@ fn compute_csrf_secret_digest(
 
 pub fn assemble_csrf_prevention_token(
     secret: &[u8],
-    username: &str,
+    userid: &Userid,
 ) -> String {
 
     let epoch = epoch_now_u64().unwrap() as i64;
 
-    let digest = compute_csrf_secret_digest(epoch, secret, username);
+    let digest = compute_csrf_secret_digest(epoch, secret, userid);
 
     format!("{:08X}:{}", epoch, digest)
 }
 
 pub fn verify_csrf_prevention_token(
     secret: &[u8],
-    username: &str,
+    userid: &Userid,
     token: &str,
     min_age: i64,
     max_age: i64,
@@ -62,7 +63,7 @@ pub fn verify_csrf_prevention_token(
         let ttime = i64::from_str_radix(timestamp, 16).
             map_err(|err| format_err!("timestamp format error - {}", err))?;
 
-        let digest = compute_csrf_secret_digest(ttime, secret, username);
+        let digest = compute_csrf_secret_digest(ttime, secret, userid);
 
         if digest != sig {
             bail!("invalid signature.");

src/backup/datastore.rs

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ use super::{DataBlob, ArchiveType, archive_type};
 use crate::config::datastore;
 use crate::server::WorkerTask;
 use crate::tools;
-use crate::api2::types::GarbageCollectionStatus;
+use crate::api2::types::{GarbageCollectionStatus, Userid};
 
 lazy_static! {
     static ref DATASTORE_MAP: Mutex<HashMap<String, Arc<DataStore>>> = Mutex::new(HashMap::new());
@@ -287,16 +287,21 @@ impl DataStore {
     /// Returns the backup owner.
     ///
     /// The backup owner is the user who first created the backup group.
-    pub fn get_owner(&self, backup_group: &BackupGroup) -> Result<String, Error> {
+    pub fn get_owner(&self, backup_group: &BackupGroup) -> Result<Userid, Error> {
         let mut full_path = self.base_path();
         full_path.push(backup_group.group_path());
         full_path.push("owner");
         let owner = proxmox::tools::fs::file_read_firstline(full_path)?;
-        Ok(owner.trim_end().to_string()) // remove trailing newline
+        Ok(owner.trim_end().parse()?) // remove trailing newline
     }
 
     /// Set the backup owner.
-    pub fn set_owner(&self, backup_group: &BackupGroup, userid: &str, force: bool) -> Result<(), Error> {
+    pub fn set_owner(
+        &self,
+        backup_group: &BackupGroup,
+        userid: &Userid,
+        force: bool,
+    ) -> Result<(), Error> {
         let mut path = self.base_path();
         path.push(backup_group.group_path());
         path.push("owner");
@@ -326,8 +331,11 @@ impl DataStore {
     /// current owner (instead of setting the owner).
     ///
     /// This also aquires an exclusive lock on the directory and returns the lock guard.
-    pub fn create_locked_backup_group(&self, backup_group: &BackupGroup, userid: &str) -> Result<(String, BackupGroupGuard), Error> {
+    pub fn create_locked_backup_group(
-
+        &self,
+        backup_group: &BackupGroup,
+        userid: &Userid,
+    ) -> Result<(Userid, BackupGroupGuard), Error> {
         // create intermediate path first:
         let base_path = self.base_path();
 

src/bin/proxmox-backup-client.rs

@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ pub fn complete_repository(_arg: &str, _param: &HashMap<String, String>) -> Vec<
     result
 }
 
-fn connect(server: &str, userid: &str) -> Result<HttpClient, Error> {
+fn connect(server: &str, userid: &Userid) -> Result<HttpClient, Error> {
 
     let fingerprint = std::env::var(ENV_VAR_PBS_FINGERPRINT).ok();
 

src/bin/proxmox-backup-manager.rs

@@ -59,12 +59,17 @@ fn connect() -> Result<HttpClient, Error> {
         .verify_cert(false); // not required for connection to localhost
 
     let client = if uid.is_root()  {
-        let ticket = assemble_rsa_ticket(private_auth_key(), "PBS", Some("root@pam"), None)?;
+        let ticket = assemble_rsa_ticket(
+            private_auth_key(),
+            "PBS",
+            Some(Userid::root_userid()),
+            None,
+        )?;
         options = options.password(Some(ticket));
-        HttpClient::new("localhost", "root@pam", options)?
+        HttpClient::new("localhost", Userid::root_userid(), options)?
     } else {
         options = options.ticket_cache(true).interactive(true);
-        HttpClient::new("localhost", "root@pam", options)?
+        HttpClient::new("localhost", Userid::root_userid(), options)?
     };
 
     Ok(client)

src/bin/proxmox-backup-proxy.rs

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ use openssl::ssl::{SslMethod, SslAcceptor, SslFiletype};
 use proxmox::try_block;
 use proxmox::api::RpcEnvironmentType;
 
+use proxmox_backup::api2::types::Userid;
 use proxmox_backup::configdir;
 use proxmox_backup::buildcfg;
 use proxmox_backup::server;
@@ -318,7 +319,7 @@ async fn schedule_datastore_garbage_collection() {
         if let Err(err) = WorkerTask::new_thread(
             worker_type,
             Some(store.clone()),
-            "backup@pam",
+            Userid::backup_userid().clone(),
             false,
             move |worker| {
                 worker.log(format!("starting garbage collection on store {}", store));
@@ -429,7 +430,7 @@ async fn schedule_datastore_prune() {
         if let Err(err) = WorkerTask::new_thread(
             worker_type,
             Some(store.clone()),
-            "backup@pam",
+            Userid::backup_userid().clone(),
             false,
             move |worker| {
                 worker.log(format!("Starting datastore prune on store \"{}\"", store));
@@ -568,14 +569,14 @@ async fn schedule_datastore_sync_jobs() {
             }
         };
 
-        let username = String::from("backup@pam");
+        let userid = Userid::backup_userid().clone();
 
         let delete = job_config.remove_vanished.unwrap_or(true);
 
         if let Err(err) = WorkerTask::spawn(
             worker_type,
             Some(job_id.clone()),
-            &username.clone(),
+            userid.clone(),
             false,
             move |worker| async move {
                 worker.log(format!("Starting datastore sync job '{}'", job_id));
@@ -594,7 +595,7 @@ async fn schedule_datastore_sync_jobs() {
 
                 let src_repo = BackupRepository::new(Some(remote.userid), Some(remote.host), job_config.remote_store);
 
-                pull_store(&worker, &client, &src_repo, tgt_store, delete, username).await?;
+                pull_store(&worker, &client, &src_repo, tgt_store, delete, userid).await?;
 
                 Ok(())
             }

src/client/backup_repo.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+use std::convert::TryFrom;
 use std::fmt;
 
 use anyhow::{format_err, Error};
@@ -15,7 +16,7 @@ pub const BACKUP_REPO_URL: ApiStringFormat = ApiStringFormat::Pattern(&BACKUP_RE
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct BackupRepository {
     /// The user name used for Authentication
-    user: Option<String>,
+    user: Option<Userid>,
     /// The host name or IP address
     host: Option<String>,
     /// The name of the datastore
@@ -24,15 +25,15 @@ pub struct BackupRepository {
 
 impl BackupRepository {
 
-    pub fn new(user: Option<String>, host: Option<String>, store: String) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(user: Option<Userid>, host: Option<String>, store: String) -> Self {
         Self { user, host, store }
     }
 
-    pub fn user(&self) -> &str {
+    pub fn user(&self) -> &Userid {
         if let Some(ref user) = self.user {
-            return user;
+            return &user;
         }
-        "root@pam"
+        Userid::root_userid()
     }
 
     pub fn host(&self) -> &str {
@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ impl std::str::FromStr for BackupRepository {
             .ok_or_else(|| format_err!("unable to parse repository url '{}'", url))?;
 
         Ok(Self {
-            user: cap.get(1).map(|m| m.as_str().to_owned()),
+            user: cap.get(1).map(|m| Userid::try_from(m.as_str().to_owned())).transpose()?,
             host: cap.get(2).map(|m| m.as_str().to_owned()),
             store: cap[3].to_owned(),
         })

src/client/http_client.rs

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ use proxmox::{
 };
 
 use super::pipe_to_stream::PipeToSendStream;
+use crate::api2::types::Userid;
 use crate::tools::async_io::EitherStream;
 use crate::tools::{self, BroadcastFuture, DEFAULT_ENCODE_SET};
 
@@ -104,7 +105,7 @@ pub struct HttpClient {
 }
 
 /// Delete stored ticket data (logout)
-pub fn delete_ticket_info(prefix: &str, server: &str, username: &str) -> Result<(), Error> {
+pub fn delete_ticket_info(prefix: &str, server: &str, username: &Userid) -> Result<(), Error> {
 
     let base = BaseDirectories::with_prefix(prefix)?;
 
@@ -116,7 +117,7 @@ pub fn delete_ticket_info(prefix: &str, server: &str, username: &str) -> Result<
     let mut data = file_get_json(&path, Some(json!({})))?;
 
     if let Some(map) = data[server].as_object_mut() {
-        map.remove(username);
+        map.remove(username.as_str());
     }
 
     replace_file(path, data.to_string().as_bytes(), CreateOptions::new().perm(mode))?;
@@ -223,7 +224,7 @@ fn store_ticket_info(prefix: &str, server: &str, username: &str, ticket: &str, t
     Ok(())
 }
 
-fn load_ticket_info(prefix: &str, server: &str, username: &str) -> Option<(String, String)> {
+fn load_ticket_info(prefix: &str, server: &str, userid: &Userid) -> Option<(String, String)> {
     let base = BaseDirectories::with_prefix(prefix).ok()?;
 
     // usually /run/user/<uid>/...
@@ -231,7 +232,7 @@ fn load_ticket_info(prefix: &str, server: &str, username: &str) -> Option<(Strin
     let data = file_get_json(&path, None).ok()?;
     let now = Utc::now().timestamp();
     let ticket_lifetime = tools::ticket::TICKET_LIFETIME - 60;
-    let uinfo = data[server][username].as_object()?;
+    let uinfo = data[server][userid.as_str()].as_object()?;
     let timestamp = uinfo["timestamp"].as_i64()?;
     let age = now - timestamp;
 
@@ -245,8 +246,11 @@ fn load_ticket_info(prefix: &str, server: &str, username: &str) -> Option<(Strin
 }
 
 impl HttpClient {
-
+    pub fn new(
-    pub fn new(server: &str, username: &str, mut options: HttpClientOptions) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+        server: &str,
+        userid: &Userid,
+        mut options: HttpClientOptions,
+    ) -> Result<Self, Error> {
 
         let verified_fingerprint = Arc::new(Mutex::new(None));
 
@@ -306,20 +310,20 @@ impl HttpClient {
         } else {
             let mut ticket_info = None;
             if use_ticket_cache {
-                ticket_info = load_ticket_info(options.prefix.as_ref().unwrap(), server, username);
+                ticket_info = load_ticket_info(options.prefix.as_ref().unwrap(), server, userid);
             }
             if let Some((ticket, _token)) = ticket_info {
                 ticket
             } else {
-                Self::get_password(&username, options.interactive)?
+                Self::get_password(userid, options.interactive)?
             }
         };
 
         let login_future = Self::credentials(
             client.clone(),
             server.to_owned(),
-            username.to_owned(),
+            userid.to_owned(),
-            password,
+            password.to_owned(),
         ).map_ok({
             let server = server.to_string();
             let prefix = options.prefix.clone();
@@ -355,7 +359,7 @@ impl HttpClient {
         (*self.fingerprint.lock().unwrap()).clone()
     }
 
-    fn get_password(username: &str, interactive: bool) -> Result<String, Error> {
+    fn get_password(username: &Userid, interactive: bool) -> Result<String, Error> {
         // If we're on a TTY, query the user for a password
         if interactive && tty::stdin_isatty() {
             let msg = format!("Password for \"{}\": ", username);
@@ -579,7 +583,7 @@ impl HttpClient {
     async fn credentials(
         client: Client<HttpsConnector>,
         server: String,
-        username: String,
+        username: Userid,
         password: String,
     ) -> Result<AuthInfo, Error> {
         let data = json!({ "username": username, "password": password });

src/client/pull.rs

@@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ pub async fn pull_store(
     src_repo: &BackupRepository,
     tgt_store: Arc<DataStore>,
     delete: bool,
-    username: String,
+    userid: Userid,
 ) -> Result<(), Error> {
 
     // explicit create shared lock to prevent GC on newly created chunks
@@ -432,11 +432,11 @@ pub async fn pull_store(
     for item in list {
         let group = BackupGroup::new(&item.backup_type, &item.backup_id);
 
-        let (owner, _lock_guard) = tgt_store.create_locked_backup_group(&group, &username)?;
+        let (owner, _lock_guard) = tgt_store.create_locked_backup_group(&group, &userid)?;
         // permission check
-        if owner != username { // only the owner is allowed to create additional snapshots
+        if userid != owner { // only the owner is allowed to create additional snapshots
             worker.log(format!("sync group {}/{} failed - owner check failed ({} != {})",
-                               item.backup_type, item.backup_id, username, owner));
+                               item.backup_type, item.backup_id, userid, owner));
             errors = true;
             continue; // do not stop here, instead continue
         }

src/config/acl.rs

@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ use proxmox::tools::{fs::replace_file, fs::CreateOptions};
 use proxmox::constnamemap;
 use proxmox::api::{api, schema::*};
 
+use crate::api2::types::Userid;
+
 // define Privilege bitfield
 
 constnamemap! {
@@ -224,7 +226,7 @@ pub struct AclTree {
 }
 
 pub struct AclTreeNode {
-    pub users: HashMap<String, HashMap<String, bool>>,
+    pub users: HashMap<Userid, HashMap<String, bool>>,
     pub groups: HashMap<String, HashMap<String, bool>>,
     pub children: BTreeMap<String, AclTreeNode>,
 }
@@ -239,7 +241,7 @@ impl AclTreeNode {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn extract_roles(&self, user: &str, all: bool) -> HashSet<String> {
+    pub fn extract_roles(&self, user: &Userid, all: bool) -> HashSet<String> {
         let user_roles = self.extract_user_roles(user, all);
         if !user_roles.is_empty() {
             // user privs always override group privs
@@ -249,7 +251,7 @@ impl AclTreeNode {
         self.extract_group_roles(user, all)
     }
 
-    pub fn extract_user_roles(&self, user: &str, all: bool) -> HashSet<String> {
+    pub fn extract_user_roles(&self, user: &Userid, all: bool) -> HashSet<String> {
 
         let mut set = HashSet::new();
 
@@ -273,7 +275,7 @@ impl AclTreeNode {
         set
     }
 
-    pub fn extract_group_roles(&self, _user: &str, all: bool) -> HashSet<String> {
+    pub fn extract_group_roles(&self, _user: &Userid, all: bool) -> HashSet<String> {
 
         let mut set = HashSet::new();
 
@@ -305,7 +307,7 @@ impl AclTreeNode {
         roles.remove(role);
     }
 
-    pub fn delete_user_role(&mut self, userid: &str, role: &str) {
+    pub fn delete_user_role(&mut self, userid: &Userid, role: &str) {
         let roles = match self.users.get_mut(userid) {
             Some(r) => r,
             None => return,
@@ -324,7 +326,7 @@ impl AclTreeNode {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn insert_user_role(&mut self, user: String, role: String, propagate: bool) {
+    pub fn insert_user_role(&mut self, user: Userid, role: String, propagate: bool) {
         let map = self.users.entry(user).or_insert_with(|| HashMap::new());
         if role == ROLE_NAME_NO_ACCESS {
             map.clear();
@@ -376,7 +378,7 @@ impl AclTree {
         node.delete_group_role(group, role);
     }
 
-    pub fn delete_user_role(&mut self, path: &str, userid: &str, role: &str) {
+    pub fn delete_user_role(&mut self, path: &str, userid: &Userid, role: &str) {
         let path = split_acl_path(path);
         let node = match self.get_node(&path) {
             Some(n) => n,
@@ -391,10 +393,10 @@ impl AclTree {
         node.insert_group_role(group.to_string(), role.to_string(), propagate);
     }
 
-    pub fn insert_user_role(&mut self, path: &str, user: &str, role: &str, propagate: bool) {
+    pub fn insert_user_role(&mut self, path: &str, user: &Userid, role: &str, propagate: bool) {
         let path = split_acl_path(path);
         let node = self.get_or_insert_node(&path);
-        node.insert_user_role(user.to_string(), role.to_string(), propagate);
+        node.insert_user_role(user.to_owned(), role.to_string(), propagate);
     }
 
     fn write_node_config(
@@ -521,7 +523,7 @@ impl AclTree {
                     let group = &user_or_group[1..];
                     node.insert_group_role(group.to_string(), role.to_string(), propagate);
                 } else {
-                    node.insert_user_role(user_or_group.to_string(), role.to_string(), propagate);
+                    node.insert_user_role(user_or_group.parse()?, role.to_string(), propagate);
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -569,7 +571,7 @@ impl AclTree {
         Ok(tree)
     }
 
-    pub fn roles(&self, userid: &str, path: &[&str]) -> HashSet<String> {
+    pub fn roles(&self, userid: &Userid, path: &[&str]) -> HashSet<String> {
 
         let mut node = &self.root;
         let mut role_set = node.extract_roles(userid, path.is_empty());
@@ -665,13 +667,14 @@ pub fn save_config(acl: &AclTree) -> Result<(), Error> {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod test {
-
     use anyhow::{Error};
     use super::AclTree;
 
+    use crate::api2::types::Userid;
+
     fn check_roles(
         tree: &AclTree,
-        user: &str,
+        user: &Userid,
         path: &str,
         expected_roles: &str,
     ) {
@@ -686,22 +689,23 @@ mod test {
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_acl_line_compression() -> Result<(), Error> {
+    fn test_acl_line_compression() {
 
-        let tree = AclTree::from_raw(r###"
+        let tree = AclTree::from_raw(
-acl:0:/store/store2:user1:Admin
+            "\
-acl:0:/store/store2:user2:Admin
+            acl:0:/store/store2:user1@pbs:Admin\n\
-acl:0:/store/store2:user1:DatastoreBackup
+            acl:0:/store/store2:user2@pbs:Admin\n\
-acl:0:/store/store2:user2:DatastoreBackup
+            acl:0:/store/store2:user1@pbs:DatastoreBackup\n\
-"###)?;
+            acl:0:/store/store2:user2@pbs:DatastoreBackup\n\
+            ",
+        )
+        .expect("failed to parse acl tree");
 
         let mut raw: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
-        tree.write_config(&mut raw)?;
+        tree.write_config(&mut raw).expect("failed to write acl tree");
-        let raw = std::str::from_utf8(&raw)?;
+        let raw = std::str::from_utf8(&raw).expect("acl tree is not valid utf8");
 
-        assert_eq!(raw, "acl:0:/store/store2:user1,user2:Admin,DatastoreBackup\n");
+        assert_eq!(raw, "acl:0:/store/store2:user1@pbs,user2@pbs:Admin,DatastoreBackup\n");
-
-        Ok(())
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -712,15 +716,17 @@ acl:1:/storage:user1@pbs:Admin
 acl:1:/storage/store1:user1@pbs:DatastoreBackup
 acl:1:/storage/store2:user2@pbs:DatastoreBackup
 "###)?;
-        check_roles(&tree, "user1@pbs", "/", "");
+        let user1: Userid = "user1@pbs".parse()?;
-        check_roles(&tree, "user1@pbs", "/storage", "Admin");
+        check_roles(&tree, &user1, "/", "");
-        check_roles(&tree, "user1@pbs", "/storage/store1", "DatastoreBackup");
+        check_roles(&tree, &user1, "/storage", "Admin");
-        check_roles(&tree, "user1@pbs", "/storage/store2", "Admin");
+        check_roles(&tree, &user1, "/storage/store1", "DatastoreBackup");
+        check_roles(&tree, &user1, "/storage/store2", "Admin");
 
-        check_roles(&tree, "user2@pbs", "/", "");
+        let user2: Userid = "user2@pbs".parse()?;
-        check_roles(&tree, "user2@pbs", "/storage", "");
+        check_roles(&tree, &user2, "/", "");
-        check_roles(&tree, "user2@pbs", "/storage/store1", "");
+        check_roles(&tree, &user2, "/storage", "");
-        check_roles(&tree, "user2@pbs", "/storage/store2", "DatastoreBackup");
+        check_roles(&tree, &user2, "/storage/store1", "");
+        check_roles(&tree, &user2, "/storage/store2", "DatastoreBackup");
 
         Ok(())
     }
@@ -733,22 +739,23 @@ acl:1:/:user1@pbs:Admin
 acl:1:/storage:user1@pbs:NoAccess
 acl:1:/storage/store1:user1@pbs:DatastoreBackup
 "###)?;
-        check_roles(&tree, "user1@pbs", "/", "Admin");
+        let user1: Userid = "user1@pbs".parse()?;
-        check_roles(&tree, "user1@pbs", "/storage", "NoAccess");
+        check_roles(&tree, &user1, "/", "Admin");
-        check_roles(&tree, "user1@pbs", "/storage/store1", "DatastoreBackup");
+        check_roles(&tree, &user1, "/storage", "NoAccess");
-        check_roles(&tree, "user1@pbs", "/storage/store2", "NoAccess");
+        check_roles(&tree, &user1, "/storage/store1", "DatastoreBackup");
-        check_roles(&tree, "user1@pbs", "/system", "Admin");
+        check_roles(&tree, &user1, "/storage/store2", "NoAccess");
+        check_roles(&tree, &user1, "/system", "Admin");
 
         let tree = AclTree::from_raw(r###"
 acl:1:/:user1@pbs:Admin
 acl:0:/storage:user1@pbs:NoAccess
 acl:1:/storage/store1:user1@pbs:DatastoreBackup
 "###)?;
-        check_roles(&tree, "user1@pbs", "/", "Admin");
+        check_roles(&tree, &user1, "/", "Admin");
-        check_roles(&tree, "user1@pbs", "/storage", "NoAccess");
+        check_roles(&tree, &user1, "/storage", "NoAccess");
-        check_roles(&tree, "user1@pbs", "/storage/store1", "DatastoreBackup");
+        check_roles(&tree, &user1, "/storage/store1", "DatastoreBackup");
-        check_roles(&tree, "user1@pbs", "/storage/store2", "Admin");
+        check_roles(&tree, &user1, "/storage/store2", "Admin");
-        check_roles(&tree, "user1@pbs", "/system", "Admin");
+        check_roles(&tree, &user1, "/system", "Admin");
 
         Ok(())
     }
@@ -758,13 +765,15 @@ acl:1:/storage/store1:user1@pbs:DatastoreBackup
 
         let mut tree = AclTree::new();
 
-        tree.insert_user_role("/", "user1@pbs", "Admin", true);
+        let user1: Userid = "user1@pbs".parse()?;
-        tree.insert_user_role("/", "user1@pbs", "Audit", true);
 
-        check_roles(&tree, "user1@pbs", "/", "Admin,Audit");
+        tree.insert_user_role("/", &user1, "Admin", true);
+        tree.insert_user_role("/", &user1, "Audit", true);
 
-        tree.insert_user_role("/", "user1@pbs", "NoAccess", true);
+        check_roles(&tree, &user1, "/", "Admin,Audit");
-        check_roles(&tree, "user1@pbs", "/", "NoAccess");
+
+        tree.insert_user_role("/", &user1, "NoAccess", true);
+        check_roles(&tree, &user1, "/", "NoAccess");
 
         let mut raw: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
         tree.write_config(&mut raw)?;
@@ -780,20 +789,21 @@ acl:1:/storage/store1:user1@pbs:DatastoreBackup
 
         let mut tree = AclTree::new();
 
-        tree.insert_user_role("/storage", "user1@pbs", "NoAccess", true);
+        let user1: Userid = "user1@pbs".parse()?;
 
-        check_roles(&tree, "user1@pbs", "/storage", "NoAccess");
+        tree.insert_user_role("/storage", &user1, "NoAccess", true);
 
-        tree.insert_user_role("/storage", "user1@pbs", "Admin", true);
+        check_roles(&tree, &user1, "/storage", "NoAccess");
-        tree.insert_user_role("/storage", "user1@pbs", "Audit", true);
 
-        check_roles(&tree, "user1@pbs", "/storage", "Admin,Audit");
+        tree.insert_user_role("/storage", &user1, "Admin", true);
+        tree.insert_user_role("/storage", &user1, "Audit", true);
 
-        tree.insert_user_role("/storage", "user1@pbs", "NoAccess", true);
+        check_roles(&tree, &user1, "/storage", "Admin,Audit");
 
-        check_roles(&tree, "user1@pbs", "/storage", "NoAccess");
+        tree.insert_user_role("/storage", &user1, "NoAccess", true);
+
+        check_roles(&tree, &user1, "/storage", "NoAccess");
 
         Ok(())
     }
-
 }

src/config/cached_user_info.rs

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ use proxmox::api::UserInformation;
 
 use super::acl::{AclTree, ROLE_NAMES, ROLE_ADMIN};
 use super::user::User;
+use crate::api2::types::Userid;
 
 /// Cache User/Group/Acl configuration data for fast permission tests
 pub struct CachedUserInfo {
@@ -57,8 +58,8 @@ impl CachedUserInfo {
     }
 
     /// Test if a user account is enabled and not expired
-    pub fn is_active_user(&self, userid: &str) -> bool {
+    pub fn is_active_user(&self, userid: &Userid) -> bool {
-        if let Ok(info) = self.user_cfg.lookup::<User>("user", &userid) {
+        if let Ok(info) = self.user_cfg.lookup::<User>("user", userid.as_str()) {
             if !info.enable.unwrap_or(true) {
                 return false;
             }
@@ -77,12 +78,12 @@ impl CachedUserInfo {
 
     pub fn check_privs(
         &self,
-        userid: &str,
+        userid: &Userid,
         path: &[&str],
         required_privs: u64,
         partial: bool,
     ) -> Result<(), Error> {
-        let user_privs = self.lookup_privs(userid, path);
+        let user_privs = self.lookup_privs(&userid, path);
         let allowed = if partial {
             (user_privs & required_privs) != 0
         } else {
@@ -97,18 +98,20 @@ impl CachedUserInfo {
     }
 }
 
-impl UserInformation for CachedUserInfo {
+impl CachedUserInfo {
-    fn is_superuser(&self, userid: &str) -> bool {
+    pub fn is_superuser(&self, userid: &Userid) -> bool {
         userid == "root@pam"
     }
 
-    fn is_group_member(&self, _userid: &str, _group: &str) -> bool {
+    pub fn is_group_member(&self, _userid: &Userid, _group: &str) -> bool {
         false
     }
 
-    fn lookup_privs(&self, userid: &str, path: &[&str]) -> u64 {
+    pub fn lookup_privs(&self, userid: &Userid, path: &[&str]) -> u64 {
 
-        if self.is_superuser(userid) { return ROLE_ADMIN; }
+        if self.is_superuser(userid) {
+            return ROLE_ADMIN;
+        }
 
         let roles = self.acl_tree.roles(userid, path);
         let mut privs: u64 = 0;
@@ -120,3 +123,20 @@ impl UserInformation for CachedUserInfo {
         privs
     }
 }
+
+impl UserInformation for CachedUserInfo {
+    fn is_superuser(&self, userid: &str) -> bool {
+        userid == "root@pam"
+    }
+
+    fn is_group_member(&self, _userid: &str, _group: &str) -> bool {
+        false
+    }
+
+    fn lookup_privs(&self, userid: &str, path: &[&str]) -> u64 {
+        match userid.parse::<Userid>() {
+            Ok(userid) => Self::lookup_privs(self, &userid, path),
+            Err(_) => 0,
+        }
+    }
+}

src/config/remote.rs

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ pub const REMOTE_PASSWORD_SCHEMA: Schema = StringSchema::new("Password or auth t
             schema: DNS_NAME_OR_IP_SCHEMA,
         },
         userid: {
-            schema: PROXMOX_USER_ID_SCHEMA,
+            type: Userid,
         },
         password: {
             schema: REMOTE_PASSWORD_SCHEMA,
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ pub struct Remote {
     #[serde(skip_serializing_if="Option::is_none")]
     pub comment: Option<String>,
     pub host: String,
-    pub userid: String,
+    pub userid: Userid,
     #[serde(skip_serializing_if="String::is_empty")]
     #[serde(with = "proxmox::tools::serde::string_as_base64")]
     pub password: String,

src/config/user.rs

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ pub const EMAIL_SCHEMA: Schema = StringSchema::new("E-Mail Address.")
 #[api(
     properties: {
         userid: {
-            schema: PROXMOX_USER_ID_SCHEMA,
+            type: Userid,
         },
         comment: {
             optional: true,
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ pub const EMAIL_SCHEMA: Schema = StringSchema::new("E-Mail Address.")
 #[derive(Serialize,Deserialize)]
 /// User properties.
 pub struct User {
-    pub userid: String,
+    pub userid: Userid,
     #[serde(skip_serializing_if="Option::is_none")]
     pub comment: Option<String>,
     #[serde(skip_serializing_if="Option::is_none")]
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ fn init() -> SectionConfig {
     };
 
     let plugin = SectionConfigPlugin::new("user".to_string(), Some("userid".to_string()), obj_schema);
-    let mut config = SectionConfig::new(&PROXMOX_USER_ID_SCHEMA);
+    let mut config = SectionConfig::new(&Userid::API_SCHEMA);
 
     config.register_plugin(plugin);
 
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ pub fn config() -> Result<(SectionConfigData, [u8;32]), Error> {
 
     if data.sections.get("root@pam").is_none() {
         let user: User = User {
-            userid: "root@pam".to_string(),
+            userid: Userid::root_userid().clone(),
             comment: Some("Superuser".to_string()),
             enable: None,
             expire: None,

src/server/rest.rs

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ use super::formatter::*;
 use super::ApiConfig;
 
 use crate::auth_helpers::*;
+use crate::api2::types::Userid;
 use crate::tools;
 use crate::config::cached_user_info::CachedUserInfo;
 
@@ -311,10 +312,10 @@ pub async fn handle_api_request<Env: RpcEnvironment, S: 'static + BuildHasher +
     Ok(resp)
 }
 
-fn get_index(username: Option<String>, token: Option<String>, api: &Arc<ApiConfig>, parts: Parts) ->  Response<Body> {
+fn get_index(userid: Option<Userid>, token: Option<String>, api: &Arc<ApiConfig>, parts: Parts) ->  Response<Body> {
 
     let nodename = proxmox::tools::nodename();
-    let username = username.unwrap_or_else(|| String::from(""));
+    let userid = userid.as_ref().map(|u| u.as_str()).unwrap_or("");
 
     let token = token.unwrap_or_else(|| String::from(""));
 
@@ -333,7 +334,7 @@ fn get_index(username: Option<String>, token: Option<String>, api: &Arc<ApiConfi
 
     let data = json!({
         "NodeName": nodename,
-        "UserName": username,
+        "UserName": userid,
         "CSRFPreventionToken": token,
         "debug": debug,
     });
@@ -461,33 +462,33 @@ fn check_auth(
     ticket: &Option<String>,
     token: &Option<String>,
     user_info: &CachedUserInfo,
-) -> Result<String, Error> {
+) -> Result<Userid, Error> {
 
     let ticket_lifetime = tools::ticket::TICKET_LIFETIME;
 
-    let username = match ticket {
+    let userid = match ticket {
         Some(ticket) => match tools::ticket::verify_rsa_ticket(public_auth_key(), "PBS", &ticket, None, -300, ticket_lifetime) {
-            Ok((_age, Some(username))) => username.to_owned(),
+            Ok((_age, Some(userid))) => userid,
             Ok((_, None)) => bail!("ticket without username."),
             Err(err) => return Err(err),
         }
         None => bail!("missing ticket"),
     };
 
-    if !user_info.is_active_user(&username) {
+    if !user_info.is_active_user(&userid) {
         bail!("user account disabled or expired.");
     }
 
     if method != hyper::Method::GET {
         if let Some(token) = token {
             println!("CSRF prevention token: {:?}", token);
-            verify_csrf_prevention_token(csrf_secret(), &username, &token, -300, ticket_lifetime)?;
+            verify_csrf_prevention_token(csrf_secret(), &userid, &token, -300, ticket_lifetime)?;
         } else {
             bail!("missing CSRF prevention token");
         }
     }
 
-    Ok(username)
+    Ok(userid)
 }
 
 pub async fn handle_request(api: Arc<ApiConfig>, req: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>, Error> {
@@ -532,7 +533,7 @@ pub async fn handle_request(api: Arc<ApiConfig>, req: Request<Body>) -> Result<R
             } else {
                 let (ticket, token) = extract_auth_data(&parts.headers);
                 match check_auth(&method, &ticket, &token, &user_info) {
-                    Ok(username) => rpcenv.set_user(Some(username)),
+                    Ok(userid) => rpcenv.set_user(Some(userid.to_string())),
                     Err(err) => {
                         // always delay unauthorized calls by 3 seconds (from start of request)
                         let err = http_err!(UNAUTHORIZED, "authentication failed - {}", err);
@@ -580,9 +581,9 @@ pub async fn handle_request(api: Arc<ApiConfig>, req: Request<Body>) -> Result<R
             let (ticket, token) = extract_auth_data(&parts.headers);
             if ticket != None {
                 match check_auth(&method, &ticket, &token, &user_info) {
-                    Ok(username) => {
+                    Ok(userid) => {
-                        let new_token = assemble_csrf_prevention_token(csrf_secret(), &username);
+                        let new_token = assemble_csrf_prevention_token(csrf_secret(), &userid);
-                        return Ok(get_index(Some(username), Some(new_token), &api, parts));
+                        return Ok(get_index(Some(userid), Some(new_token), &api, parts));
                     }
                     _ => {
                         tokio::time::delay_until(Instant::from_std(delay_unauth_time)).await;

src/server/upid.rs

@@ -1,19 +1,21 @@
-use anyhow::{bail, Error};
-use lazy_static::lazy_static;
-use regex::Regex;
-use chrono::Local;
-
 use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};
 
+use anyhow::{bail, Error};
+use chrono::Local;
+use lazy_static::lazy_static;
+use regex::Regex;
+
 use proxmox::sys::linux::procfs;
 
+use crate::api2::types::Userid;
+
 /// Unique Process/Task Identifier
 ///
 /// We use this to uniquely identify worker task. UPIDs have a short
 /// string repesentaion, which gives additional information about the
 /// type of the task. for example:
 /// ```text
-/// UPID:{node}:{pid}:{pstart}:{task_id}:{starttime}:{worker_type}:{worker_id}:{username}:
+/// UPID:{node}:{pid}:{pstart}:{task_id}:{starttime}:{worker_type}:{worker_id}:{userid}:
 /// UPID:elsa:00004F37:0039E469:00000000:5CA78B83:garbage_collection::root@pam:
 /// ```
 /// Please note that we use tokio, so a single thread can run multiple
@@ -33,7 +35,7 @@ pub struct UPID {
     /// Worker ID (arbitrary ASCII string)
     pub worker_id: Option<String>,
     /// The user who started the task
-    pub username: String,
+    pub userid: Userid,
     /// The node name.
     pub node: String,
 }
@@ -41,7 +43,11 @@ pub struct UPID {
 impl UPID {
 
     /// Create a new UPID
-    pub fn new(worker_type: &str, worker_id: Option<String>, username: &str) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+    pub fn new(
+        worker_type: &str,
+        worker_id: Option<String>,
+        userid: Userid,
+    ) -> Result<Self, Error> {
 
         let pid = unsafe { libc::getpid() };
 
@@ -67,7 +73,7 @@ impl UPID {
             task_id,
             worker_type: worker_type.to_owned(),
             worker_id,
-            username: username.to_owned(),
+            userid,
             node: proxmox::tools::nodename().to_owned(),
         })
     }
@@ -91,7 +97,7 @@ impl std::str::FromStr for UPID {
             static ref REGEX: Regex = Regex::new(concat!(
                 r"^UPID:(?P<node>[a-zA-Z0-9]([a-zA-Z0-9\-]*[a-zA-Z0-9])?):(?P<pid>[0-9A-Fa-f]{8}):",
                 r"(?P<pstart>[0-9A-Fa-f]{8,9}):(?P<task_id>[0-9A-Fa-f]{8,16}):(?P<starttime>[0-9A-Fa-f]{8}):",
-                r"(?P<wtype>[^:\s]+):(?P<wid>[^:\s]*):(?P<username>[^:\s]+):$"
+                r"(?P<wtype>[^:\s]+):(?P<wid>[^:\s]*):(?P<userid>[^:\s]+):$"
             )).unwrap();
         }
 
@@ -104,7 +110,7 @@ impl std::str::FromStr for UPID {
                 task_id: usize::from_str_radix(&cap["task_id"], 16).unwrap(),
                 worker_type: cap["wtype"].to_string(),
                 worker_id: if cap["wid"].is_empty() { None } else { Some(cap["wid"].to_string()) },
-                username: cap["username"].to_string(),
+                userid: cap["userid"].parse()?,
                 node: cap["node"].to_string(),
             })
         } else {
@@ -124,6 +130,6 @@ impl std::fmt::Display for UPID {
         // more that 8 characters for pstart
 
         write!(f, "UPID:{}:{:08X}:{:08X}:{:08X}:{:08X}:{}:{}:{}:",
-               self.node, self.pid, self.pstart, self.task_id, self.starttime, self.worker_type, wid, self.username)
+               self.node, self.pid, self.pstart, self.task_id, self.starttime, self.worker_type, wid, self.userid)
     }
 }

src/server/worker_task.rs

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ use proxmox::tools::fs::{create_path, open_file_locked, replace_file, CreateOpti
 use super::UPID;
 
 use crate::tools::FileLogger;
+use crate::api2::types::Userid;
 
 macro_rules! PROXMOX_BACKUP_VAR_RUN_DIR_M { () => ("/run/proxmox-backup") }
 macro_rules! PROXMOX_BACKUP_LOG_DIR_M { () => ("/var/log/proxmox-backup") }
@@ -394,10 +395,10 @@ impl Drop for WorkerTask {
 
 impl WorkerTask {
 
-    pub fn new(worker_type: &str, worker_id: Option<String>, username: &str, to_stdout: bool) -> Result<Arc<Self>, Error> {
+    pub fn new(worker_type: &str, worker_id: Option<String>, userid: Userid, to_stdout: bool) -> Result<Arc<Self>, Error> {
         println!("register worker");
 
-        let upid = UPID::new(worker_type, worker_id, username)?;
+        let upid = UPID::new(worker_type, worker_id, userid)?;
         let task_id = upid.task_id;
 
         let mut path = std::path::PathBuf::from(PROXMOX_BACKUP_TASK_DIR);
@@ -442,14 +443,14 @@ impl WorkerTask {
     pub fn spawn<F, T>(
         worker_type: &str,
         worker_id: Option<String>,
-        username: &str,
+        userid: Userid,
         to_stdout: bool,
         f: F,
     ) -> Result<String, Error>
         where F: Send + 'static + FnOnce(Arc<WorkerTask>) -> T,
               T: Send + 'static + Future<Output = Result<(), Error>>,
     {
-        let worker = WorkerTask::new(worker_type, worker_id, username, to_stdout)?;
+        let worker = WorkerTask::new(worker_type, worker_id, userid, to_stdout)?;
         let upid_str = worker.upid.to_string();
         let f = f(worker.clone());
         tokio::spawn(async move {
@@ -464,7 +465,7 @@ impl WorkerTask {
     pub fn new_thread<F>(
         worker_type: &str,
         worker_id: Option<String>,
-        username: &str,
+        userid: Userid,
         to_stdout: bool,
         f: F,
     ) -> Result<String, Error>
@@ -474,7 +475,7 @@ impl WorkerTask {
 
         let (p, c) = oneshot::channel::<()>();
 
-        let worker = WorkerTask::new(worker_type, worker_id, username, to_stdout)?;
+        let worker = WorkerTask::new(worker_type, worker_id, userid, to_stdout)?;
         let upid_str = worker.upid.to_string();
 
         let _child = std::thread::Builder::new().name(upid_str.clone()).spawn(move || {

src/tools/ticket.rs

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ use openssl::pkey::{PKey, Public, Private};
 use openssl::sign::{Signer, Verifier};
 use openssl::hash::MessageDigest;
 
+use crate::api2::types::Userid;
 use crate::tools::epoch_now_u64;
 
 pub const TICKET_LIFETIME: i64 = 3600*2; // 2 hours
@@ -15,7 +16,7 @@ const TERM_PREFIX: &str = "PBSTERM";
 
 pub fn assemble_term_ticket(
     keypair: &PKey<Private>,
-    username: &str,
+    userid: &Userid,
     path: &str,
     port: u16,
 ) -> Result<String, Error> {
@@ -23,22 +24,22 @@ pub fn assemble_term_ticket(
         keypair,
         TERM_PREFIX,
         None,
-        Some(&format!("{}{}{}", username, path, port)),
+        Some(&format!("{}{}{}", userid, path, port)),
     )
 }
 
 pub fn verify_term_ticket(
     keypair: &PKey<Public>,
-    username: &str,
+    userid: &Userid,
     path: &str,
     port: u16,
     ticket: &str,
-) -> Result<(i64, Option<String>), Error> {
+) -> Result<(i64, Option<Userid>), Error> {
     verify_rsa_ticket(
         keypair,
         TERM_PREFIX,
         ticket,
-        Some(&format!("{}{}{}", username, path, port)),
+        Some(&format!("{}{}{}", userid, path, port)),
         -300,
         TICKET_LIFETIME,
     )
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ pub fn verify_term_ticket(
 pub fn assemble_rsa_ticket(
     keypair: &PKey<Private>,
     prefix: &str,
-    data: Option<&str>,
+    data: Option<&Userid>,
     secret_data: Option<&str>,
 ) -> Result<String, Error> {
 
@@ -59,7 +60,8 @@ pub fn assemble_rsa_ticket(
     plain.push(':');
 
     if let Some(data) = data {
-        plain.push_str(data);
+        use std::fmt::Write;
+        write!(plain, "{}", data)?;
         plain.push(':');
     }
 
@@ -87,7 +89,7 @@ pub fn verify_rsa_ticket(
     secret_data: Option<&str>,
     min_age: i64,
     max_age: i64,
-) -> Result<(i64, Option<String>), Error> {
+) -> Result<(i64, Option<Userid>), Error> {
 
     use std::collections::VecDeque;
 
@@ -145,5 +147,5 @@ pub fn verify_rsa_ticket(
         bail!("invalid ticket - timestamp too old.");
     }
 
-    Ok((age, data))
+    Ok((age, data.map(|s| s.parse()).transpose()?))
 }

tests/worker-task-abort.rs

@@ -54,7 +54,12 @@ fn worker_task_abort() -> Result<(), Error> {
         }
 
         let errmsg = errmsg1.clone();
-        let res = server::WorkerTask::new_thread("garbage_collection", None, "root@pam", true, move |worker| {
+        let res = server::WorkerTask::new_thread(
+            "garbage_collection",
+            None,
+            proxmox_backup::api2::types::Userid::root_userid().clone(),
+            true,
+            move |worker| {
                 println!("WORKER {}", worker);
 
                 let result = garbage_collection(&worker);
@@ -68,7 +73,8 @@ fn worker_task_abort() -> Result<(), Error> {
                 }
 
                 Ok(())
-        });
+            },
+        );
 
         match res {
             Err(err) => {