proxmox-backup/src/bin/proxmox_file_restore/block_driver_qemu.rs

//! Block file access via a small QEMU restore VM using the PBS block driver in QEMU
use anyhow::{bail, Error};
use futures::FutureExt;
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
use serde_json::json;

use std::collections::HashMap;
use std::fs::{File, OpenOptions};
use std::io::{prelude::*, SeekFrom};

use proxmox::tools::fs::lock_file;
use proxmox_backup::api2::types::ArchiveEntry;
use proxmox_backup::backup::BackupDir;
use proxmox_backup::client::*;
use proxmox_backup::tools;

use super::block_driver::*;
use crate::proxmox_client_tools::get_user_run_dir;

const RESTORE_VM_MAP: &str = "restore-vm-map.json";

pub struct QemuBlockDriver {}

#[derive(Clone, Hash, Serialize, Deserialize)]
struct VMState {
    pid: i32,
    cid: i32,
    ticket: String,
}

struct VMStateMap {
    map: HashMap<String, VMState>,
    file: File,
}

impl VMStateMap {
    fn open_file_raw(write: bool) -> Result<File, Error> {
        use std::os::unix::fs::OpenOptionsExt;
        let mut path = get_user_run_dir()?;
        path.push(RESTORE_VM_MAP);
        OpenOptions::new()
            .read(true)
            .write(write)
            .create(write)
            .mode(0o600)
            .open(path)
            .map_err(Error::from)
    }

    /// Acquire a lock on the state map and retrieve a deserialized version
    fn load() -> Result<Self, Error> {
        let mut file = Self::open_file_raw(true)?;
        lock_file(&mut file, true, Some(std::time::Duration::from_secs(5)))?;
        let map = serde_json::from_reader(&file).unwrap_or_default();
        Ok(Self { map, file })
    }

    /// Load a read-only copy of the current VM map. Only use for informational purposes, like
    /// shell auto-completion, for anything requiring consistency use load() !
    fn load_read_only() -> Result<HashMap<String, VMState>, Error> {
        let file = Self::open_file_raw(false)?;
        Ok(serde_json::from_reader(&file).unwrap_or_default())
    }

    /// Write back a potentially modified state map, consuming the held lock
    fn write(mut self) -> Result<(), Error> {
        self.file.seek(SeekFrom::Start(0))?;
        self.file.set_len(0)?;
        serde_json::to_writer(self.file, &self.map)?;

        // drop ourselves including file lock
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Return the map, but drop the lock immediately
    fn read_only(self) -> HashMap<String, VMState> {
        self.map
    }
}

fn make_name(repo: &BackupRepository, snap: &BackupDir) -> String {
    let full = format!("qemu_{}/{}", repo, snap);
    tools::systemd::escape_unit(&full, false)
}

/// remove non-responsive VMs from given map, returns 'true' if map was modified
async fn cleanup_map(map: &mut HashMap<String, VMState>) -> bool {
    let mut to_remove = Vec::new();
    for (name, state) in map.iter() {
        let client = VsockClient::new(state.cid, DEFAULT_VSOCK_PORT, Some(state.ticket.clone()));
        let res = client
            .get("api2/json/status", Some(json!({"keep-timeout": true})))
            .await;
        if res.is_err() {
            // VM is not reachable, remove from map and inform user
            to_remove.push(name.clone());
            eprintln!(
                "VM '{}' (pid: {}, cid: {}) was not reachable, removing from map",
                name, state.pid, state.cid
            );
        }
    }

    for tr in &to_remove {
        map.remove(tr);
    }

    !to_remove.is_empty()
}

fn new_ticket() -> String {
    proxmox::tools::Uuid::generate().to_string()
}

async fn ensure_running(details: &SnapRestoreDetails) -> Result<VsockClient, Error> {
    let name = make_name(&details.repo, &details.snapshot);
    let mut state = VMStateMap::load()?;

    cleanup_map(&mut state.map).await;

    let new_cid;
    let vms = match state.map.get(&name) {
        Some(vm) => {
            let client = VsockClient::new(vm.cid, DEFAULT_VSOCK_PORT, Some(vm.ticket.clone()));
            let res = client.get("api2/json/status", None).await;
            match res {
                Ok(_) => {
                    // VM is running and we just reset its timeout, nothing to do
                    return Ok(client);
                }
                Err(err) => {
                    eprintln!("stale VM detected, restarting ({})", err);
                    // VM is dead, restart
                    let vms = start_vm(vm.cid, details).await?;
                    new_cid = vms.cid;
                    state.map.insert(name, vms.clone());
                    vms
                }
            }
        }
        None => {
            let mut cid = state
                .map
                .iter()
                .map(|v| v.1.cid)
                .max()
                .unwrap_or(0)
                .wrapping_add(1);

            // offset cid by user id, to avoid unneccessary retries
            let running_uid = nix::unistd::Uid::current();
            cid = cid.wrapping_add(running_uid.as_raw() as i32);

            // some low CIDs have special meaning, start at 10 to avoid them
            cid = cid.max(10);

            let vms = start_vm(cid, details).await?;
            new_cid = vms.cid;
            state.map.insert(name, vms.clone());
            vms
        }
    };

    state.write()?;
    Ok(VsockClient::new(
        new_cid,
        DEFAULT_VSOCK_PORT,
        Some(vms.ticket.clone()),
    ))
}

async fn start_vm(cid_request: i32, details: &SnapRestoreDetails) -> Result<VMState, Error> {
    let ticket = new_ticket();
    let files = details
        .manifest
        .files()
        .iter()
        .map(|file| file.filename.clone())
        .filter(|name| name.ends_with(".img.fidx"));
    let (pid, cid) =
        super::qemu_helper::start_vm((cid_request.abs() & 0xFFFF) as u16, details, files, &ticket)
            .await?;
    Ok(VMState { pid, cid, ticket })
}

impl BlockRestoreDriver for QemuBlockDriver {
    fn data_list(
        &self,
        details: SnapRestoreDetails,
        img_file: String,
        mut path: Vec<u8>,
    ) -> Async<Result<Vec<ArchiveEntry>, Error>> {
        async move {
            let client = ensure_running(&details).await?;
            if !path.is_empty() && path[0] != b'/' {
                path.insert(0, b'/');
            }
            let path = base64::encode(img_file.bytes().chain(path).collect::<Vec<u8>>());
            let mut result = client
                .get("api2/json/list", Some(json!({ "path": path })))
                .await?;
            serde_json::from_value(result["data"].take()).map_err(|err| err.into())
        }
        .boxed()
    }

    fn data_extract(
        &self,
        details: SnapRestoreDetails,
        img_file: String,
        mut path: Vec<u8>,
        pxar: bool,
    ) -> Async<Result<Box<dyn tokio::io::AsyncRead + Unpin + Send>, Error>> {
        async move {
            let client = ensure_running(&details).await?;
            if !path.is_empty() && path[0] != b'/' {
                path.insert(0, b'/');
            }
            let path = base64::encode(img_file.bytes().chain(path).collect::<Vec<u8>>());
            let (mut tx, rx) = tokio::io::duplex(1024 * 4096);
            tokio::spawn(async move {
                if let Err(err) = client
                    .download(
                        "api2/json/extract",
                        Some(json!({ "path": path, "pxar": pxar })),
                        &mut tx,
                    )
                    .await
                {
                    eprintln!("reading file extraction stream failed - {}", err);
                    std::process::exit(1);
                }
            });

            Ok(Box::new(rx) as Box<dyn tokio::io::AsyncRead + Unpin + Send>)
        }
        .boxed()
    }

    fn status(&self) -> Async<Result<Vec<DriverStatus>, Error>> {
        async move {
            let mut state_map = VMStateMap::load()?;
            let modified = cleanup_map(&mut state_map.map).await;
            let map = if modified {
                let m = state_map.map.clone();
                state_map.write()?;
                m
            } else {
                state_map.read_only()
            };
            let mut result = Vec::new();

            for (n, s) in map.iter() {
                let client = VsockClient::new(s.cid, DEFAULT_VSOCK_PORT, Some(s.ticket.clone()));
                let resp = client
                    .get("api2/json/status", Some(json!({"keep-timeout": true})))
                    .await;
                let name = tools::systemd::unescape_unit(n)
                    .unwrap_or_else(|_| "<invalid name>".to_owned());
                let mut extra = json!({"pid": s.pid, "cid": s.cid});

                match resp {
                    Ok(status) => match status["data"].as_object() {
                        Some(map) => {
                            for (k, v) in map.iter() {
                                extra[k] = v.clone();
                            }
                        }
                        None => {
                            let err = format!(
                                "invalid JSON received from /status call: {}",
                                status.to_string()
                            );
                            extra["error"] = json!(err);
                        }
                    },
                    Err(err) => {
                        let err = format!("error during /status API call: {}", err);
                        extra["error"] = json!(err);
                    }
                }

                result.push(DriverStatus {
                    id: name,
                    data: extra,
                });
            }

            Ok(result)
        }
        .boxed()
    }

    fn stop(&self, id: String) -> Async<Result<(), Error>> {
        async move {
            let name = tools::systemd::escape_unit(&id, false);
            let mut map = VMStateMap::load()?;
            let map_mod = cleanup_map(&mut map.map).await;
            match map.map.get(&name) {
                Some(state) => {
                    let client =
                        VsockClient::new(state.cid, DEFAULT_VSOCK_PORT, Some(state.ticket.clone()));
                    // ignore errors, this either fails because:
                    // * the VM is unreachable/dead, in which case we don't want it in the map
                    // * the call was successful and the connection reset when the VM stopped
                    let _ = client.get("api2/json/stop", None).await;
                    map.map.remove(&name);
                    map.write()?;
                }
                None => {
                    if map_mod {
                        map.write()?;
                    }
                    bail!("VM with name '{}' not found", name);
                }
            }
            Ok(())
        }
        .boxed()
    }

    fn list(&self) -> Vec<String> {
        match VMStateMap::load_read_only() {
            Ok(state) => state
                .iter()
                .filter_map(|(name, _)| tools::systemd::unescape_unit(&name).ok())
                .collect(),
            Err(_) => Vec::new(),
        }
    }
}